pp. 73-77.

[3] We use the word Underworld advisedly, it may be that the meaning
of the word so translated, is that of a higher or opposite world to
our terrestrial world.

[4] _Le Livre des Morts, des Anciens Egyptiens, traduction complete
d'apres le Papyrus de Turin et les manuscrits du Louvre, accompagnee
de Notes et suivie d'un Index analytique. Paris, Ernest Leroux, 1882._

[5] Privately printed by the Duke of Northumberland. London, 1880.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION v-xxii

TABLE OF CONTENTS xxiii-xxvii

I.

Forms of the Word Scarabaeus. Veneration of the Ancient
Egyptians for the scarabaeus. Entomology of the insect.
Symbolism of according to Plutarch, Pliny and
Horapollo. Its astronomical value. Worship of insects
by other peoples. Symbolism, with the Egyptians, of the
scarabaeus. Uses of it with them 1-17

II.

Manufacture of the Scarabaei. Materials. Inscriptions
on. Different periods of manufacture and the
peculiarities of. How to judge of the epoch. 18-29

III.

Method, period and antiquity, of engraving the scarab
and other forms. Use of rings. Mention of, and of
engraving and sealing, in the Old Testament. Use of
cylinder signets by the Egyptians. Relations with
Mesopotamia. Carving of diorite and other hard stone.
The Egyptians did not borrow their engraving and the
scarab, from Mesopotamia. Disuse of scarabs 30-45

IV.

The oldest scarabs. Classification and value of the
scarab to the scholar of to-day. Large inscribed
historical scarabs 46-56

V.

Where usually found and the mode of wearing scarabs by
the Egyptians, Book of the Dead. Egyptian scarabs found
in Mesopotamia. The scarab in Christianity 57-64

VI.

The position of the scarab in Ancient Egyptian religion
and the Book of the Dead. Egyptian philosophy. Advanced
intellectuality of Egypt six thousand years ago.
Deities of libraries and learning. Ancient librarians
and books. The division of learned men into different
branches of study. The statements of Greek writers on
Egyptian thought not to be depended upon. Quotations
from the Book of the Dead on the symbolism of the
scarabaeus deity. The symbolism of the Great Sphinx.
Further quotations from the Book of the Dead, on the
symbolism of the scarab deity