As a result of the Algerian campaigns, France became involved in
war with Moroccan rebels. France, which had been annexing islands in the
South Seas, made amends for indignities visited on British residents in
Tahiti by her naval representatives. China revoked edicts against
Christianity.

Among persons of prominence who died were Albert Thorwaldsen, Danish
sculptor; Bernadotte, in his later life King Charles XIV of Sweden; Joseph
Bonaparte, brother of the great Napoleon; John Dalton, English chemist;
and Etienne St. Hilaire, French zoologist.

=RULERS--The same as in the previous year, except that Oscar I became King
of Sweden and Norway, at the death of Charles XIV.=

1845

Congress passed a resolution for the annexation of Texas to the United
States (January 25), and March 1 President Tyler signed it. Slavery was to
be permitted in Texas. Preparations begun for war with Mexico. The Mormons
decided to migrate westward from Illinois. Florida and Texas admitted to
Statehood. United States Naval Academy founded at Annapolis.

In Ireland, the potato crop failed, and a terrible famine set in. Sir John
Franklin set out on his ill-fated Arctic expedition, never to return. Sikh
War in the Punjab begun. Peel's cabinet resigned, but as Lord John Russell
failed to form a new one, Peel was recalled. Jesuits expelled from France.
Indignation against France because French soldiers smothered five hundred
Kabyles in the caves of Dahra, Algeria. The city of Quebec nearly
destroyed by fire. Spain reluctantly recognized the independence of
Venezuela. Seven Catholic cantons of Switzerland signed an act of
secession from the confederacy, and agreed to support one another against
all attacks; this union is called the Sonderbund.

Andrew Jackson, ex-President of the United States; Thomas Hood, English
poet and humorist; Sydney Smith, English politician, clergyman, and wit;
and Elizabeth Fry, English prison reformer, died.

=RULERS--The same as in the previous year, except that James Knox Polk
became President of the United States.=

1846

The dispute concerning the northwestern boundary between Canada and the
United States was settled by the Oregon treaty, negotiated after a period
of excitement in which war seemed near. Immigration into the United States
passed the one hundred and fifty thousand mark this year, owing
principally to the Irish famine and the beginning of revolutionary
disturbances in Europe; it exceeded two hu