rease is from
37 to 119.

These statistics in themselves show us the effects of overwork,
incessant reading or study by defective gas or lamp light, or from an
over-stimulating light, as the arc light, late hours, dissipation, and
frequent rubbing of the eye, also fatigue, sudden changes from
darkness to light, and, what is probably worse than all, reading on
railway trains. The constant oscillations of the car cause an
over-activity of the muscle of accommodation, which soon becomes
exhausted; the brain willing the eye to give it a clear photograph
continues to force the ciliary muscle, which muscle governs the
accommodation, in renewed activity, and the result may easily be
foretold.

The fond parents finding that the vitiated air of the city is making
their once rosy-cheeked children turn pale, seek a remedy in the fresh
air of the country. The children find their way to city schools; this
necessitates traveling so many miles a day in railway cars. The
children take this opportunity of preparing their studies while _en
route_ to the city, and here is where they get their first eye-strain.
Children have the example set them by their parents or business men,
who read the daily papers on the trains. Children are great imitators,
and when their attention is called to the evil, quote their parents'
example, and they follow it. No wonder each generation is growing more
effeminate.

The light in sick rooms should never fall directly on the eyes, nor
should the rooms be either too dark or too light.

The Esquimaux and Indians long ago noted the fact that sunlight
reflected from freshly fallen snow would soon cause blindness.

The natives of northern Africa blacken themselves around the eyes to
prevent ophthalmia from the glare of the hot sand. In Fiji the
natives, when they go fishing, blacken their faces. My friend. Dr.
Bartelott, presented me with a pair of eye protectors, which he
brought from Alaska. The natives use them to protect themselves from
snow blindness. These snow spectacles, or snow eyes, as they are
called, are usually made out of pine wood, which is washed upon their
shores, drift wood from southern climes.

The posterior surface is deeply excavated, to prevent its obstructing
the free motion of the eye lids; on each side a notch is cut at the
lower margin to allow a free passage for the tears. The upper margin
of the front surface is more prominent than the under, to act as a
shade to the eyes. The