great. France, Germany, Sweden, Russia, and later the United
States, all followed in the wake of the English potters, and the
printing-press was applied in all countries to produce elaborate
engraved patterns in blue, brown, green, &c., in order to get an
effective-looking ware in harmony with the spirit of the times, and at
the same time cheaper in price than the simple painted patterns of the
vanquished tin-enamel.

_Collections._--The British and the Victoria and Albert Museums
naturally contain the most representative collections of English
pottery. The museums at Liverpool, Bristol, Burslem, Hanley and
Nottingham, also have good collections, while Birmingham, Manchester
and Stoke-upon-Trent may be mentioned. The Guildhall Museum, London,
is rich in early wares found or made in London and its vicinity.
Continental collections of English pottery are meagre in the extreme
and badly described, even in the ceramic museums at Sevres and
Limoges. The collection at Dresden is interesting, as it was purchased
from the collection made by Enoch Wood, a Staffordshire potter. In
America, the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, the Metropolitan Museum of
New York, and the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts at Philadelphia,
contain interesting examples of wares exported to America in the late
18th and early 19th centuries.

LITERATURE.--The earliest compilations, such as Jewitt's _Ceramic Art
in Great Britain_ (1878), and _Life of Josiah Wedgwood_ (1865);
Chaffers, _Marks and Monograms_ (1863; 9th edition revised, 1900);
Meteyard's _Life of Wedgwood_ (1865-1866), and Shaw's _History of the
Staffordshire Potteries_ (1829; reissued London, 1900), must always be
of interest as original sources of information; but the later works,
such as Church, _English Earthenware_ (1884; new edition, 1906);
_Josiah Wedgwood_ (1894, reissue 1903 and 1907); Solon, _Art of the
Old English Potter_ (1883; 2nd ed., 1885); Hobson, _Catalogue of
English Pottery in the British Museum_ (1903); Burton, _English
Earthenware and Stoneware_ (1904), are the best authorities.
(W. B.*)

CHINESE POTTERY AND PORCELAIN[26]

In China, as in every other country where pottery-making has been
practised for centuries, we find a natural progression from primitive
pottery akin in shape, decoration and manufacture to the pottery of
other primitive races the world over. We find too the early use of
bricks, tiles, &c., as