ection.

_Sweden._--The history of Swedish porcelain in the 18th century is
connected with the factories at Rorstrand and Marieberg, both in the
environs of Stockholm. Tentative experiments were made at both these
places before 1760, but these came to an end by the close of the 18th
century, though the Rorstrand works was reopened some fifty years ago
and will be subsequently referred to. The Swedish porcelains were of
two kinds, one a true felspathic porcelain like the German, and the
other a glassy porcelain resembling that made at Mennecy in France. It
is interesting to note that the decorative styles in both cases are
distinctly French in character.

_Russia._--Peter the Great is said to have projected a porcelain
factory at the suggestion of his ally Augustus the Third of Saxony,
but the scheme was not carried into execution until the days of the
empress Elizabeth. Catherine II. subsidized the work in prodigal
fashion, but although she brought over French artists, the Russian
porcelain more closely resembles its German than its French prototype.
In the early years of the 19th century the imperial Russian factory
followed the example of Sevres in producing costly dinner services and
extravagant vases of large dimensions.

Small independent factories were started in the neighbourhood of
Moscow: one by an Englishman named Gardner about 1780, and another by
A. Popoff. Besides producing ordinary table ware these Moscow
factories sent forth a considerable number of statuettes, the most
interesting being those representing Russian peasant types.

_Hungary._--The one Hungarian porcelain factory of note is that at
Herend, which was founded about 1830 by Moritz Fischer. At this
factory copies of oriental porcelain were made that have deceived many
collectors, though the pieces are usually impressed with the word
"Herend" in the paste.

_Switzerland._--Little porcelain has been produced in Switzerland, and
considering the geographical position of the country it seems natural
that porcelain of the German type should have been made at Zurich and
of the French type at Nyon on the lake of Geneva, but these
productions are of no particular importance.

_French Porcelains._--The beginnings of French porcelain at Rouen and St
Cloud have already been mentioned, as they preceded Bottger's discovery
of true porcelain; but as nothing was known in France of the met