enport and Minton became the most important English
factories of the early 18th century. For notices of the minor English
factories of the late 18th century and early 19th century, such as
Caughley, Coalport, Swansea and Nantgarw, the student is referred to
the special works dealing with the history of English porcelain.

_Collections._--The British Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum
contain the best general collections of English porcelain. The museums
at Bristol and Liverpool contain examples of the local wares; while
the museum at the Worcester Royal Porcelain works has an admirable
collection of the wares of that factory. Many noteworthy private
collections are in existence, of which we may mention those of Mr
Dyson Perrins, Mr Cockshutt and Mr Trapnell.

LITERATURE.--Alex. Brongniart, _Traitie des arts ceramiques_ (1844);
Jacquemart, _Histoire de la ceramique_ (Eng. ed. 1873); Jannicke,
_Grundriss der Keramik_ (1879); Dr Brinkmann, _Handbook of European
Porcelains in the Hamburg Museum_; Marryat, _History of Pottery and
Porcelain_ (1857); Jewitt, _Ceramic Art of Great Britain_ (1878);
Auscher, _A History and Description of French Porcelain_ (1905);
Burton, _A History and Description of English Porcelain_ (1902);
Dillon, _Porcelain_ (1904); Solon, _Old English Porcelain_ (1903);
Burton, _Porcelain_ (1906); R. Almstrom, _Lervarorna och deras
Tillverkning_ (1903). (W. B.*)

POTTERY AND PORCELAIN DURING THE 19TH CENTURY

The development of the manufacture of pottery and porcelain in Europe
and America throughout the 19th century need not be treated in such
detail as the history of its growth up to that period, for modern means
of communication and the general diffusion of knowledge have tended to
destroy the individual character which was so marked a feature of the
pottery of different countries in previous centuries. The 19th century
was distinctly the century of machinery, and, for the most part, it
witnessed the displacement by mechanical processes of those methods of
handicraft which made the older pottery individual and interesting even
in its simplest forms. Collectors are prepared to pay very large sums
for choice examples of the potter's art of bygone centuries, but it is
doubtful if much of the pottery of the 19th century will ever be
collected for its intrinsic merits, though it may be preserved as an
illustration of the spirit of the age.

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