xample.

[Illustration: FIG. 16.--PORTRAIT-HEAD. (FROM FAYOUM, GRAF COL.)]

ROMAN PAINTERS: During the first five centuries Rome was between the
influences of Etruria and Greece. The first paintings in Rome of which
there is record were done in the Temple of Ceres by the Greek artists
of Lower Italy, Gorgasos and Damophilos (fl. 493 B.C.). They were
doubtless somewhat like the vase paintings--profile work, without
light, shade, or perspective. At the time and after Alexander Greek
influence held sway. Fabius Pictor (fl. about 300 B.C.) is one of the
celebrated names in historical painting, and later on Pacuvius,
Metrodorus, and Serapion are mentioned. In the last century of the
Republic, Sopolis, Dionysius, and Antiochus Gabinius excelled in
portraiture. Ancient painting really ends for us with the destruction
of Pompeii (79 A.D.), though after that there were interesting
portraits produced, especially those found in the Fayoum (Egypt).[1]

[Footnote 1: See Scribner's Magazine, vol. v., p. 219, New Series.]

EXTANT REMAINS: The frescos that are left to us to-day are
largely the work of mechanical decorators rather than
creative artists. They are to be seen in Rome, in the Baths
of Titus, the Vatican, Livia's Villa, Farnesina,
Rospigliosi, and Barberini Palaces, Baths of Caracalla,
Capitoline and Lateran Museums, in the houses of excavated
Pompeii, and the Naples Museum. Besides these there are
examples of Roman fresco and distemper in the Louvre and
other European Museums. Examples of Etruscan painting are to
be seen in the Vatican, Cortona, the Louvre, the British
Museum and elsewhere.

CHAPTER IV.

ITALIAN PAINTING.

EARLY CHRISTIAN AND MEDIAEVAL PERIOD. 200-1250.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED: Bayet, _L'Art Byzantin_; Bennett,
_Christian Archaeology_; Bosio, _La Roma Sotterranea_;
Burckhardt, _The Cicerone, an Art Guide to Painting in
Italy, ed. by Crowe_; Crowe and Cavalcaselle, _New History
of Painting in Italy_; De Rossi, _La Roma Sotterranea
Cristiana_; De Rossi, _Bullettino di Archeologia Cristiana_;
Didron, _Christian Iconography_; Eastlake (Kuegler's),
_Handbook of Painting--The Italian Schools_; Garrucci,
_Storia dell' Arte Cristiana_; Gerspach, _La Mosaique_;
Lafenestre, _La Peinture Italienne_; Lanzi, _History of
Painting in Italy_; Lecoy de la Marche, _Les Manuscrits et
la Miniature_; L