work of reference. To this end the names of a considerable
number of makers, either unknown at the time, or not deemed of
sufficient prominence for insertion in the edition of 1887, have been
incorporated in the text, together with particulars of the distinctive
features of their work; and the notices relating to others have, where
needful, been modified or recast. In other respects the book remains
substantially as the author left it.

28 _Wardour Street_
_November_, 1909.

CONTENTS

SECTION I.--THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE VIOLIN.
PAGE
1.--General observations--Early History involved in obscurity and
vague conjecture--Jubal, Orpheus, and Apollo--Views of Early
Historians of Music, as to Asiatic and Scandinavian origin
respectively--Ravanon, King of Ceylon, and the
"Ravanastron"--Researches of Sanscrit Scholars--Suggested Arabian
origin of the Ribeca, or Rebec, and the Rehab of the Moors--Early
Egyptian instruments--Moorish musical influence in Spain--The
Troubadours and Trouveres in Northern France, and the Gigeours of
Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11

2.--Early evidence of Bowed Instruments in the north of
Europe--Presumed Scandinavian origin of the German Geige--The Hon.
Roger North's "Memoirs of Music"--Martinus Gerbertus, his "De Cantu et
Musica Sacra"--Paul Lacroix' "Arts of the Middle Ages"--Earliest known
representations of Bowed Instruments, sixth to ninth century--The
Manuscript of St. Blasius--The Cheli or Chelys--Saxon Fiddle in the
Cottonian Manuscripts, and in Strutt's "Sports and Pastimes"--The
early Saxons' love of Music--The Saxon Fithele in the time of the
Norman Conquest--The Geige in France, and the Jongleurs, "dancers,
jugglers, and buffoons"--Domestic Music in Germany and the Low
Countries in the sixteenth century--The Viol and the Madrigal--Music
in Italy--Adrian Willaert, "The Father of the Madrigal"--Northern
Musicians attracted to Italian Courts--Development of the Madrigal in
Italy--High standard of early Italian work, but under German
teaching--The Viols of Brensius of Bologna--Silvestro Ganassi, his
work on the Viol--Duiffoprugcar and Gasparo da Salo and the
development of the Violin--The Fretted Finger-board--The Violono or
Bass Viol--Five-stringed Viols--The three-stringed Fiddle, or Geige,
attributed to Andrea Amati, altered by the Brothers Mantegazza to a
four-strin