ore observes that we must consider [Greek: tas
skenas] as equivalent to [Greek: to stratopedon], or the place of
encampment. This explanation is better than that of Weiske and Zeune,
who think that the _shelter of the villages_ is meant.]

[Footnote 173: [Greek: Ha apodarenta kai physethenta].] "Which being
skinned and blown out." From brevity, Xenophon has said that of the
animals which he ought to have said of their skins. _Krueger_.]

[Footnote 174: [Greek: Diabanti].] The road "for one crossing" the
river.]

BOOK IV.

CHAPTER I.

The Greeks enter the territory of the Carduchi, where they suffer
greatly from the wind and cold, as well as from the Barbarians, who
harass them with frequent attacks on their march.

1. What occurred in the expedition up the country to the time of the
battle, and what took place after the battle during the truce which the
king and the Greeks that went up with Cyrus concluded, and what
hostilities were committed against the Greeks after the king and
Tissaphernes had violated the truce, and while the Persian army was
pursuing them, have been related in the preceding part of the narrative.

2. When they had arrived at a spot where the Tigris was quite impassable
from its depth and width, and where there was no passage along, its
banks, as the Carduchian mountains hung steep over the stream, it
appeared to the generals that they must march over those mountains, 3.
for they had heard from the prisoners that "if they could but cross the
Carduchian mountains, they would be able to ford, if they wished, the
sources of the Tigris in Armenia, or, if they declined doing so, to make
a circuit round them." The sources of the Euphrates, too, they said were
not far from those of the Tigris; and such is the truth.[175]

4. Their entrance upon the territory of the Carduchi they made in the
following manner, endeavouring at once to escape observation, and to
anticipate the enemy in getting possession of the heights. 5. When it
was about the last watch, and enough of the night was left to allow them
to cross the plain under cover of the darkness, they arose at a given
signal, and, marching onwards, reached the hills by break of day. 6.
Here Cheirisophus took the lead of the army, having with him both his
own men and all the light-armed; while Xenophon brought up the rear with
the heavy-armed troops, having not a single light-armed soldier; for
there seemed to be no danger t