het and the
hammer are well known to all boys; but how to use them, and where to use
the different varieties of each kind of tool, must be learned, because
each tool grew out of some particular requirement in the art. These uses
will now be explained.

A FULL KIT OF TOOLS.--A kit of tools necessary for doing any plain work
should embrace the following:

1. A Hatchet.
2. A Claw Hammer--two sizes preferred.
3. Cross-cut Saw, 20 inches long.
4. Rip Saw, 24 inches long.
5. Wooden Mallet.
6. Jack Plane.
7. Smoothing Plane.
8. Compass Saw.
9. Brace.
10. Bits for Brace, ranging from 1/4 inch to 1 inch diameter.
11. Several small Gimlets.
12. Square.
13. Compass.
14. Draw-knife.
15. Rule.
16. Two Gages.
17. Set of Firmer Chisels.
18. Two Mortising Chisels.
19. Small Back Saw.
20. Saw Clamps.
21. Miter Box.
22. Bevel Square.
23. Small Hand Square.
24. Pliers.
25. Pair of Awls.
26. Hand Clamps.
27. Set Files.
28. Glue Pot.
29. Oil Stone.
30. Grindstone.
31. Trusses.
32. Work Bench.
33. Plumb Bob.
34. Spirit Level.

THE HATCHET.--The hatchet should be ground with a bevel on each side,
and not on one side only, as is customary with a plasterer's lathing
hatchet, because the blade of the hatchet is used for trimming off the
edges of boards. Unless ground off with a bevel on both sides it cannot
be controlled to cut accurately. A light hatchet is preferable to a
heavy one. It should never be used for nailing purposes, except in
emergencies. The pole of the hammer--that part which is generally used
to strike the nail with--is required in order to properly balance the
hatchet when used for trimming material.

[Illustration: _Fig. 2._]

THE CLAW HAMMER.--This is the proper tool for driving nails and for
drawing them out. Habits should be formed with the beginner, which will
be of great service as the education proceeds.

One of these habits is to persist in using the tool for the purpose for
which it was made. The expert workman (and he becomes expert because of
it) makes the hammer do its proper work; and so with every other tool.

[Illustration: _Fig. 3._]

[Illustration: _Fig. 4._]

ABOUT SAWS.--There are four well-defined kinds. First, a long, flat saw,
for cross-cutting. Second, a slightly larger saw for ripping purposes.
Third, a back saw, with a rib on the rear edge to hold the blade rigid,
used for making tenons; and, fourth, a compass or keyhole saw.

CROSS-CUTS.--The difference between