a question to vote, but may state it
sitting; he shall also rise from his seat (without calling any one to
the chair), when speaking to a question of order, which he can do in
preference to other members. In referring to himself he should always
use his official title thus: "The Chair decides so and so," not "I
decide, &c." When a member has the floor, the chairman cannot interrupt
him as long as he does not transgress

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any of the rules of the assembly, excepting as provided in Sec. 2.

He is entitled to vote when the vote is by ballot,* [But this right is
lost if he does not use it before the tellers have commenced to count
the ballots. The assembly can give leave to the chairman to vote under
such circumstances.] and in all other cases where the vote would change
the result. Thus in a case where two-thirds vote is necessary, and his
vote thrown with the minority would prevent the adoption of the
question, he can cast his vote; so also he can vote with the minority
when it will produce a tie vote and thus cause the motion to fail.
Whenever a motion is made referring especially to the chairman, the
maker of the motion should put it to vote.

The chairman can, if it is necessary to vacate the chair, appoint a
chairman pro tem.,** [When there are Vice Presidents, then the first one
on the list that is present, is, by virtue of his office, chairman
during the absence of the President, and should always be called to the
chair when the President temporarily vacates it.] but the first
adjournment puts an end to the appointment, which the assembly can
terminate before, if it pleases, by electing another chairman. But the
regular chairman, knowing that he will be absent from a future meeting,
cannot authorize another member to act

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in his place at such meeting; the clerk [Sec. 41], or in his absence any
member, should in such case call the meeting to order, and a chairman
pro tem. be elected, who would hold office during that session [Sec. 42],
without such office was terminated by the entrance of the regular
chairman.

The chairman sometimes calls a member to the chair, and himself takes
part in the debate. But this should rarely be done, and nothing can
justify it in a case where much feeling is shown, and there is a
liability to difficulty in preserving order. If t