ve been
somewhat milder (p. 80). I think that a vast increase of ice in the
Polar Regions has taken place only at a comparatively recent date, and
that both the Reindeer and the Arctic Hare originated there during a
much more temperate climate than obtains at present. A great sensation
was produced among European zoologists and anthropologists when the
discovery was first announced that the remains of the Reindeer had been
found in the Pyrenees, and it naturally gave rise to many speculations
as to the nature of the climate at the time when its range extended so
far south.[1] The greater number of our best authorities are still of
opinion that the existence of the Reindeer in Southern Europe points to
the prevalence of an arctic climate in that region. It is generally
overlooked, however, that the Reindeer-remains occur in company with
many typically southern animals, which, if they had been found alone,
would have been held to be a certain indication of a warm climate. The
French geologist Professor Lartet, indeed, was of opinion that the
temperature during the time when the Reindeer lived in the Pyrenees must
have been rather milder than it is at present (compare pp. 71-75).
Similarly, Mr. Harle argues, that the extremely cold climate probably
did not extend to South-western France, since that area only received
occasional visits from some of the representatives of the Arctic fauna.

Long ago North American zoologists recognised the existence in their
country of two well-marked races of the Reindeer (Caribou)--a smaller
one with rounded antlers (Fig. 10), and a larger one in which the
antlers are more or less flattened out (Fig. 11). Two somewhat similar
races can also be traced in the fossil remains of the Reindeer in
Europe. It was, I think, Gervais who first pointed out that the Reindeer
remains from the north of France differed from those found in the south;
and Lartet referred to the fact that the southern remains were more like
what, in America, is called the Barren-ground Caribou, while those from
Central European deposits all belonged to the Siberian variety, which is
more like the Woodland Caribou of North America. In Ireland, Professor
Leith Adams also drew attention to the curious fact that all the Irish
Reindeer remains resemble the Norwegian variety rather than the
Siberian; and Mr. Murray was so much struck by the close resemblance
between the Spitsbergen and Greenland forms with the Barren-ground
Caribo