ts
building by Ranulph Flambard in 1121 a focus of Border history during
four centuries.

COLDWATER, a city and county-seat of Branch county, Michigan, U.S.A., on
Coldwater Stream (which connects two of the group of small lakes in the
vicinity), about 80 m. S.S.E. of Grand Rapids. Pop. (1890) 5247; (1900)
6216, of whom 431 were foreign-born; (1904) 6225; (1910) 5945. It is
served by the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern railway. It is the seat of
a state public school and temporary home (opened in 1874) for dependent,
neglected or ill-treated children, who are received at any age under
twelve. The city is situated in a fine farming region, has an important
flouring and grist mill industry, and also manufactures Portland cement,
liniment, lumber, furniture, sashes, doors and blinds, brass castings,
sleighs, shoes, &c. The municipality owns and operates the water-works
and electric lighting plant. Coldwater was settled in 1829, was laid out
as a town under the name of Lyons in 1832, received its present name in
the following year, was incorporated as a village in 1837, was reached
by railway and became the county-seat in 1851, and was chartered as a
city in 1861.

COLE, SIR HENRY (1808-1882), English civil servant, was born at Bath on
the 15th of July 1808, and was the son of an officer in the army. At the
age of fifteen he became clerk to Sir Francis Palgrave, then a
subordinate officer in the record office, and, helped by Charles Buller,
to whom he had been introduced by Thomas Love Peacock, and who became
chairman of a royal commission for inquiry into the condition of the
public records, worked his way up until he became an assistant keeper.
He largely assisted in influencing public opinion in support of Sir
Rowland Hill's reforms at the post office. A connexion with the Society
of Arts caused him to drift gradually out of the record office: he was a
leading member of the commission that organized the Great Exhibition of
1851, and upon the conclusion of its labours was made secretary to the
School of Design, which by a series of transformations became in 1853
the Department of Science and Art. Under its auspices the South
Kensington (now Victoria and Albert) Museum was founded in 1855 upon
land purchased out of the surplus of the exhibition, and Cole
practically became its director, retiring in 1873. His proceedings were
frequently criticized, but the museum owes much to his energy.
Indefatigable, genial an