en barracks for the exclusive use of German troops. There is a
military mission at Mamoura, where all the buildings are permanent
erections solidly built of stone, for no merely temporary occupation is
intended, and thousands of freight-cars with Belgian marks upon them
throng the railways, and on some is the significant German title of
'Military Headquarters of the Imperial Staff.' There are troops in the
Turkish army, to which is given the title of 'Pasha formation,' in
compliment to Turkey, but the Pasha formations are under command of
Baron Kress von Kressenstein, and are salted with German officers,
N.C.O.'s, and privates, who, although in the Turkish army, retain their
German uniforms.

This German leaven forms an instructional class for the remainder of the
troops in these formations, who are Turkish. The Germans are urged to
respect Moslem customs and to show particular consideration for their
religious observances. Every German contingent arriving at
Constantinople to join the Pasha formations finds quarters prepared on a
ship, and when the troops leave for their 'destination' they take
supplies from depots at the railway station which will last them two or
three months. They are enjoined to write war diaries, and are provided
with handbooks on the military and geographical conditions in
Mesopotamia, with maps, and with notes on the training and management of
camels. This looks as if they were intended for use against the English
troops in Mesopotamia, but I cannot find that they have been identified
there. The greatest secrecy is observed with regard to those Pasha
formations, and their constitution and movements are kept extremely well
veiled.

Wireless stations have been set up in Asia Minor and Palestine, and
these are under the command of Major Schlee. A Turkish air-service was
instituted, at the head of which was Major Serno, a Prussian officer,
and Turkish aviators are now in training at Ostend, where they will very
usefully defend their native country. At Constantinople there is a
naval school for Turkish engineers and mechanics in the arsenal, to help
on the Pan-Turkish ideal, and with a view to that all the instructors
are German: a floating dock is in construction at Ismid, and the order
has been placed with German firms. It will be capable of accommodating
ships of Dreadnought build, which is a new departure for the strictly
Pan-Turkish ideal. The cost is L740,000, to be repaid three years after
t