man methods without losing their original characteristics.'
Comment on this script is needless. The hand is the hand of Halil Haled
Bey, but the voice is the voice of Potsdam. Occasionally, but rarely,
Austrian competition is seen. Professor Schmoller, in an Austrian
quarterly review, shows jealousy of German influence, and we find, in
October 1916, an Ottoman-Austrian college started at Vienna for 250
pupils of the Ottoman Empire. But Germany has 10,000 in Berlin. At Adana
(where are the German irrigation works) the German-Turkish Society has
opened a German school of 300, while, reciprocally, courses in Turkish
have been organised at Berlin for the sake of future German colonists.
In Constantinople the _Tanin_ announces a course of lectures to be held
by the Turco-German Friendship Society. Professor von Marx discoursed
last April on foreign influence and the development of nations, with
special reference to Turkey and the parallel case of Germany. A few
months later we find Hilmet Nazim Bey, official head of the Turkish
press, proceeding to Berlin to learn German press methods. A number of
editors of Turkish papers will follow him, and soon, no doubt, the
Turkish press will rival Cologne and Frankfort.

So much for German education, but her penetrative power extends into
every branch of industry and economics. In November 1916, a Munich
expert was put in charge of the College of Forestry, and an economic
society was started in Constantinople on German lines with German
instructors. Inoculation against small-pox, typhoid, and cholera was
made compulsory; and we find that the Turkish Ministers of Posts, of
Justice, and of Commerce, figureheads all of them, have Germans as their
acting Ministers. In the same year a German was appointed as expert for
silkworm breeding and for the cultivation of beet. Practically all the
railways in Asia Minor are pure German concerns by right of purchase.
Germany owns the Anatolian railway concession (originally British),
with right to build to Angora and Konia; the Bagdad railway concession,
with preferential rights over minerals; they have bought the
Mersina-Adana Railway, with right of linking up to the Bagdad Railway;
they have bought the Smyrna-Cassaba Railway, built with French capital.
They have secured also the Haidar Pasha Harbour concession, thereby
controlling and handling all merchandise arriving at railhead from the
interior of Asia Minor.[1] Already on the Bagdad Railway the