ts ordinary shares. The Haidar
Pasha Harbour Company has paid 8 per cent.]

[Footnote 2: Later in this year we find three trains daily leaving
Constantinople for Germany, laden with coal and military supplies.]

There is no end to this penetration: German water-seekers, with divining
and boring apparatus, accompanied the Turkish expedition into Sinai;
Russian prisoners were sent by Germany for agricultural work in Asia
Minor, to take the place of slaughtered Armenians; a German-Turkish
treaty, signed January 11, 1917, gives the whole reorganisations of the
economic system to a special German mission. A Stuttgart journal chants
a characteristic _Lobgesang_ over this feat. 'That is how,' it proudly
exclaims, 'we work for the liberation of peoples and nationalities.'

In the same noble spirit, we must suppose, German legal reforms were
introduced in December 1916, to replace the Turkish Shuriat, and in the
same month all the Turks in telegraph offices in Constantinople were
replaced by Germans. Ernst Marre gives valuable advice to young Germans
settling in Turkey. He particularly recommends them, knowing how
religion is one of the strongest bonds in this murderous race, to 'trade
in articles of devotion, in rosaries, in bags to hold the Koran,' and
points out what good business might be built up in gramophones. Earlier
in this year we find a 'German Oriental Trading Company' founded for the
import of fibrous materials for needs of military authorities, and a
great carpet business established at Urfa with German machinery that
will supplant the looms of Smyrna. A saltpetre factory is established
at Konia by Herr Toepfer, whose enterprise is rewarded with an Iron
Cross and a Turkish decoration. The afforestation near Constantinople,
ordered by the Ministry of Agriculture, is put into German hands, and in
the vilayet of Aidin (April 1916) ninety concessions were granted to
German capitalists to undertake the exploitation of metallic ores.
Occasionally the German octopus finds it has gone too far for the
moment, and releases some struggling limb of its victim, as, for
instance, when we see that, in September 1916, the German Director's
stamp for the 'Imperial German Great Radio Station' at Damascus has been
discarded temporarily, as that station 'should be treated for the
present as a Turkish concern.'

A 'Trading and Weaving Company' was established at Angora in 1916, an
'Import and Export Company' at Smyrna, a 'Trading an