e; we need police protection and
fire protection; we need everything that the city furnishes and gives,
and we have to support these things. Every individual and corporation
and firm--trust or whatever you call it--does these things and we do
them." No distinction is made, then, between the government that ought
to furnish this "protection" and the machine that sells it!

No episode in recent political history shows better the relations of the
legislature to the political machine and the great power of invisible
government than the impeachment and removal of Governor William Sulzer
in 1913. Sulzer had been four times elected to the legislature. He
served as Speaker in 1893. He was sent to Congress by an East Side
district in New York City in 1895 and served continuously until his
nomination for Governor of New York in 1912. All these years he was
known as a Tammany man. During his campaign for Governor he made many
promises for reform, and after his election he issued a bombastic
declaration of independence. His words were discounted in the light of
his previous record. Immediately after his inauguration, however,
he began a house-cleaning. He set to work an economy and efficiency
commission; he removed a Tammany superintendent of prisons; made
unusually good appointments without paying any attention to the machine;
and urged upon the legislature vigorous and vital laws.

But the Tammany party had a large working majority in both houses, and
the changed Sulzer was given no support. The crucial moment came when
an emasculated primary law was handed to him for his signature. An
effective primary law had been a leading campaign issue, all the parties
being pledged to such an enactment. The one which the Governor was now
requested to sign had been framed by the machine to suit its pleasure.
The Governor vetoed it. The legislature adjourned on the 3rd of May.
The Governor promptly reconvened it in extra session (June 7th) for the
purpose of passing an adequate primary law. Threats that had been made
against him by the machine now took form. An investigating committee,
appointed by the Senate to examine the Governor's record, largely by
chance happened upon "pay dirt," and early on the morning of the 13th of
August, after an all-night session, the Assembly passed a motion made by
its Tammany floor leader to impeach the Governor.

The articles of impeachment charged: first, that the Governor had filed
a false report of his c