the human race he was thinking in the right
direction when he placed _multitude_ instead of _duality_ at
the beginning. If instead of that extremely complex and highly
organized multitude called "nation" (in the plural), he had
started with the extremely simple and almost unorganized
multitude called "horde" (in the singular), the statement for
Man would have been correct. Such views were hardly within the
reach of science thirty years ago.]

[Footnote 65: _Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy_, part ii., chaps.
xvi., xxi., xxii.; _Excursions of an Evolutionist_, pp.
306-319; _Darwinism, and other Essays_, pp. 40-49; _The Destiny
of Man_, Sec.Sec. iii.-ix.]

[Footnote 66: The slowness of the development has apparently
been such as befits the transcendent value of the result.
Though the question is confessedly beyond the reach of science,
may we not hold that civilized man, the creature of an infinite
past, is the child of eternity, maturing for an inheritance of
immortal life?]

[Sidenote: Phratry and tribe.]

Throughout all the earlier stages of culture, and even into the
civilized period, we find society organized with the clan for its
ultimate unit, although in course of time its character becomes greatly
altered by the substitution of kinship in the paternal, for that in the
maternal line. By long-continued growth and repeated segmentation the
primitive clan was developed into a more complex structure, in which a
group of clans constituted a _phratry_ or brotherhood, and a group of
phratries constituted a _tribe_. This threefold grouping is found so
commonly in all parts of the world as to afford good ground for the
belief that it has been universal. It was long ago familiar to
historians in the case of Greece and Rome, and of our Teutonic
forefathers,[67] but it also existed generally in ancient America, and
many obscure points connected with the history of the Greek and Roman
groups have been elucidated through the study of Iroquois and Algonquin
institutions. Along with the likenesses, however, there are numerous
unlikenesses, due to the change of kinship, among the European groups,
from the female line to the male.

[Footnote 67: The Teutonic _hundred_ and Roman _curia_ answered
to the Greek _phratry_.]

[Sidenote: Effect of pastoral life upon