, which included
the suspension of all canons relating to impediments created by
"affinity rising _ex illicito coitu_ in any degree even in the
first." Froude rejects the whole story, _Divorce of Catherine of
Aragon_, p. 54; and see Friedman's _Anne Boleyn_, ii. 323.

[4] _Cat. of St. Pap. England and Spain_, iii. pt. ii. p. 327.

[5] According to Cranmer, _Letters and Papers of Henry VIII._ vi. p.
300, the only authority; and Cranmer himself only knew of it a
fortnight after. The marriage was commonly antedated to the 14th of
November 1532.

[6] _Cat. of St. Pap. England and Spain_, v. 198.

[7] _Letters and Papers of Henry VIII._, x. pp. 374, 381, 385.

[8] According to the most trustworthy accounts, but see _Letters and
Papers_, x. p. 382. The well-known letter to Henry VIII. attributed
to her is now recognized as an Elizabethan forgery.

[9] _Archaeologia_, xxiii. 64.

[10] _Letters and Papers_, x. 358.

[11] "Sanuto Diaries," October 31, 1532, in _Cal. of St. Pap.
Venetian_, iv. p. 365.

[12] _Original Letters_, ed. by Sir H. Ellis, 1 ser. ii. 37, and
_Cal. of St. Pap. Venetian_, iv. 351, 418.

BOLGARI, or BOLGARY, a ruined town of Russia, in the government of
Kazan, 4 m. from the left bank of the Volga, in 55 deg.N. lat. It is
generally considered to have been the capital of the Bulgarians when
they were established in that part of Europe (5th to 15th century).
Ruins of the old walls and towers still survive, as well as numerous
_kurgans_ or burial-mounds, with inscriptions, some in Arabic
(1222-1341), others in Armenian (years 557, 984 and 986), and yet others
in Turkic. Upon being opened these tombs were found to contain weapons,
implements, utensils, and silver and copper coins, bearing inscriptions,
some in ordinary Arabic, others in Kufic (a kind of epigraphic Arabic).
These and other antiquities collected here (1722) are preserved in
museums at Kazan, Moscow and St Petersburg. The ruins, which were
practically discovered in the reign of Peter the Great, were visited and
described by Pallas, Humboldt and others. The city of Bolgari was
destroyed by the Mongols in 1238, and again by Tamerlane early in the
following century, after which it served as the capital of the Khans
(sovereign princes) of the Golden Horde of Mongols, and finally, in the
second half of the 15th century it became a part of the principality of
Kazan, and so eve