entury. Of greater antiquarian interest is the Palais Gallien,
situated near the public garden, consisting of remains of lofty arcades,
vaulting and fragments of wall, which once formed part of a Roman
amphitheatre. Bordeaux lost its fortifications in the 18th century, but
four of the old gateways or triumphal arches belonging to that period
still remain. Still older are the Porte de Cailhau, once the entrance to
the Palais de l'Ombriere, which before its destruction was the residence
of the duke of Aquitaine, and the Porte de l'Hotel de Ville, the former
of the 15th, the latter of the 13th and 16th centuries.

Bordeaux is the seat of an archbishop, the headquarters of the XVIII.
army corps, the centre of an _academie_ (educational division) and the
seat of a court of appeal. A court of assizes is held there, and there
are tribunals of first instance and of commerce, a council of
trade-arbitrators, a chamber of commerce and a branch of the Bank of
France. Its educational institutions include faculties of law, of
science, of letters and of medicine and pharmacy, a faculty of Catholic
theology, lycees, training colleges, a higher school of commerce, a
chair of agriculture, a school of fine art and a naval school of
medicine. There are several museums, including one with a large
collection of pictures and sculptures, a library with over 200,000
volumes and numerous learned societies.

The trade of Bordeaux, the fourth port in France, is chiefly carried on
by sea. Its port, 5-1/2 m. long and on the average 550 yds. wide, is formed
by the basin of the Garonne and is divided into two portions by the Pont
de Bordeaux. That to the south is used only by small craft; that to the
north is accessible to vessels drawing from 21 to 26 ft. according to
the state of the tide. From 1000 to 1200 vessels can be accommodated in
the harbour, which is lined on both sides by quays and sloping wharves
served by railway lines. At the northen extremity of the harbour, on the
left bank, there is a floating basin of 25 acres in extent, capable of
receiving the largest vessels; it has over 1900 yds. of quays and is
furnished with a repairing dock and with elaborate machinery for the
loading and unloading of goods. In 1907 the construction of new docks
behind this basin was begun. The city maintains commercial relations
with nearly all countries, but chiefly with Great Britain, Spain,
Argentina, Portugal and the United States. The most important lin