rd and Naworth, have been modernized; others,
like Norham, Wark and Warkworth, are picturesque ruins; but most of the
Scottish fortresses have been demolished and their sites built over, or
are now represented by grass-grown mounds. Another familiar feature in
the landscape is the chain of peel towers crossing the country from
coast to coast. Many were homes of marauding chiefs, and nearly all were
used as beacon-stations to give alarm of foray or invasion. Early in the
18th century the Scottish gipsies found a congenial home on the
Roxburghshire side of the Cheviots; and at a later period the Scottish
border became notorious for a hundred years as offering hospitality to
runaway couples who were clandestinely married at Gretna Green,
Coldstream or Lamberton. The toll-house of Lamberton displayed the
following intimation--"Ginger-beer sold here and marriages performed on
the most reasonable terms."

Border ballads occupy a distinctive place in English literature. Many of
them were rescued from oblivion by Sir Walter Scott, who ransacked the
district for materials for his _Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border_,
which appeared in 1802 and 1803. Border traditions and folklore, and the
picturesque, pathetic and stirring incidents of which the country was so
often the scene, appealed strongly to James Hogg ("the Ettrick
Shepherd"), John Wilson ("Christopher North"), and John Mackay Wilson
(1804-1835), whose _Tales of the Borders_, published in 1835, long
enjoyed popular favour.

Besides the works just mentioned see Sir Herbert Maxwell, _History of
Dumfries and Galloway_ (1896); George Ridpath, _Border History of
England and Scotland_ (1776); Professor John Veitch, _History and
Poetry of the Scottish Border_ (1877); Sir George Douglas, _History of
the Border Counties_ (Scots), (1890): W.S. Crockett, _The Scott
Country_ (1902).

BORDIGHERA, a town of Liguria, Italy, in the province of Porto Maurizio,
91 m. S.W. of Genoa by rail, and 3 m. E.N.E. of Ventimiglia. Pop. (1901)
4673. It is a favourite winter resort, especially for visitors from
England, and is situated in beautiful coast scenery. It has fine
gardens, and its flowers and palms are especially famous: the former are
largely exported, while the latter serve for the supply of palm branches
for St Peter's at Rome and other churches on Palm Sunday. The new museum
contains a unique collection of the flora of the Riviera. From 1682
until the Napoleonic peri