Shade
Frigidus Frigu Cold
Calidus Caldu Warm
Albus Alb White
Niger Negru Black
Casa Casa A cottage

and so on through the whole vocabulary of common things and attributes.

On the other hand, when we come to examine the words of barbarian
origin, we find that they relate to the character of the dominant race
and their rule over the natives. If we take, for example, the words of
Magyar or Hungarian origin, we find them to denote war, conquest,
mining, taxation, punishment, &c., such as _baia_, mine; _banui_,
repent, rue; _bereu_, a wood; _bicao_, fetters (on the feet); *_bir_,
poll-tax; _birau_, a judge; _bitangu_, wandering about; _bucni_, to
strike; _buzdugany_, war-club; _catanie_, soldiers, soldiers' habits;
_cheltui_, to give or spend lavishly; _fagadau_, drink-shop; _giulus_,
the Reichstag, or national assembly; _hodnogiu_, lieutenant (from _had_,
war); _hotar_, boundary; *_lantiu_, chain; _odorbireu_, headsman;
*_tabara_, camp, war, army; _varda_, watch-house; and so on.[68]

Besides these words and phrases derived from the Latin and barbarian
languages, there are others relating to ecclesiastical matters imported
from the Greek; indeed, an examination of the language is itself an
interesting historical study, and if now we turn to the arts and customs
of the Roumanians, we find the same interesting relations with her past
history.

Of the music of the Laoutari we have already spoken. It is weird and
plaintive, and no one who has listened attentively to the airs played by
some of those bands can have failed to be struck with their 'telling'
character, how they give vent alternately to feelings of joy and sorrow,
of mourning and rejoicing, and, like the music of Poland, &c., call to
mind the conquered condition of the people in the past. As with the
music, so with the dances. A writer, to whom we shall refer later on, M.
Opitz, described the 'Hora,' the national dance of the Roumanians, as
being illustrative of their conquered condition, and a recent acute
observer has left us his impressions on the same subject.

'I remember one dance (says he) of which I forget the name, but
which pleased me exceedingly. After the dancers had gone one or two
paces in pairs in a circle, the men