im grateful
for attentions shown, and jealous of inattention.

Turning more directly to the military situation on Lincoln's
inauguration, we find Major Anderson holding Sumter, but practically
in a state of siege, the Confederate authorities having assembled
a large army at Charleston under Beauregard. Fort Moultrie and
Castle Pinckney had been seized and manned; heavy ordnance had been
placed in them, and batteries had been established commanding Fort
Sumter.

Finally, on April 7th, Anderson was forbidden to purchase fresh
provisions for his little band. On April 10th, Captain G. V. Fox,
an ex-officer of the navy, sailed with a relief expedition, consisting
of four war-ships, three steam-tugs, and a merchant steamer, having
on board two hundred men and the necessary supplies of ammunition
and provisions.

Beauregard and the Confederate authorities hearing promptly of
Captain Fox's expedition and destination, on April 11th, formally
demanded of Major Anderson the evacuation of Fort Sumter, which
demand was refused.

At 4.30 o'clock, April 12th, a signal shell was fired at Fort Sumter
from a mortar battery on James Island, and, immediately after,
hostile guns were opened from batteries on Morris Island, Sullivan's
Island, and Fort Moultrie, which were responded to from Fort Sumter.

This signal shell opened actual war; its discharge was, figuratively
speaking, heard around the world; it awakened a lethargic people
in the Northern States of the Union; it caused many who had never
dreamed of war to prepare for it; it set on fire the blood of a
people, North and South, of the same race, not to cool down until
a half-million of men had been consumed in the fierce heat of
battle; it was the opening shot intended to vindicate and establish
human slavery as the essential pillar of a new-born nation, the
first and only one on earth formed solely to eternally perpetuate
human bondage as a social and fundamental political institution;
but, in reality, this shot was also a signal to summon the friends
of human freedom to arms, and to a battle never to end until slavery
under the Constitution of the restored Union should cease to exist.

Captain Fox's expedition was not organized as he had planned it,
and though it reached its destination off Sumter an hour before
the latter was fired on, it could not, from want of light boats or
tugs, send to the fort the needed supplies or men. Major Anderson,
after two days' bombardme