maining bullion was transferred to A. J. Guizot,
Assistant Treasurer Confederate States of America, who at once
destroyed the United States dies and had a Confederate States die
for silver half dollars engraved by the coiner, A. H. M. Peterson.
From this die _four_ pieces only were struck on a screw press, the
die being of such high relief that its use was impracticable.
These _four_ coins composed the _entire_ coinage of the Confederate
States. Its design, _Obverse:_ Goddess of Liberty (same as United
States coins) with arc of thirteen stars (representing original
States), date, "1861." _Reverse:_ American shield beneath a "Liberty
Cap"; union of shield and seven stars (representing original seceded
States), surrounded by a wreath, to the left (cotton in bloom), to
the right (sugar cane). _Legend: "Confederate States of America_,"
exergue, "_Half Dol._"--_U. S._(Townsend), p. 427.

( 3) _Am. Cyclop._, 1861, p. 123.

( 4) P. G. T. Beauregard resigned, February 20, 1861, a captaincy
in the United States army while holding the appointment of
Superintendent of West Point.

( 5) _Life of Beauregard_ (Roman), vol. i., p. 25.

( 6) _Hist. Reg. U. S. A._ (Heitman), pp. 836-845.

( 7) Scharf's _Hist. C. S. N._, p. 14.

( 8) President Lincoln's Message, July, 1861.

( 9) _Am. Cyclop._, 1861, p. 431.

(10) This is the only instance where Buchanan issued such an order,
hence we give it.

"March 1, 1861.
"By direction of the President, etc., it is ordered that Brig.-Gen.
David E. Twiggs, Major-General by brevet, be, and is hereby dismissed
from the army of the United States for his treachery to the flag
of his country, in having surrendered on the 18th of February,
1861, on demand of the authorities of Texas, the military posts
and other property of the United States in his department and under
his charge.

"J. Holt, Secretary of War.
"S. Cooper, Adjutant-General."

(11) Lieutenant Frank C. Armstrong (First Cavalry), pending his
resignation, fought at Bull Run (July, 1861) for the Union, then
went into the Confederacy and became a Brigadier-General.

(12) "Treasury Department, Jan. 29, 1861.
"W. Hemphill Jones, New Orleans:

"Tell Lieutenant Caldwell to arrest Captain Breshwood, assume
command of the cutter and obey the order through you. If Captain
Breshwood, after arrest, undertakes to interfere with the command
of the cutter, tell Lieutenant Caldwell to consider him a mutineer,
and treat hi