m accordingly.

"_If any one attempts to haul down the American flag, Shoot him on
the Spot._

"John A. Dix, Secretary of the Treasury."

(13) Sherman's _Memoirs_, vol. i, p. 163.

(14) _Manassas to Appomattox_ (Longstreet), pp. 29-30.

(15) John Wilkes, British Par., 1780 (_Pat. Reader_, p. 135).

(16) In 1861 an army officer was not required (as now) to take an
oath of office on receiving promotion. The following is a copy of
the last oath taken by Robert E. Lee as a United States Army officer,
and it shows the form of oath then taken by other army officers.

"I, Robert E. Lee, appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the Second
Regiment of Cavalry in the Army of the United States, do solemnly
swear that I will bear true allegiance to the United States of
America, and that I will serve them honestly and faithfully against
all their enemies or opposers whatsoever; and observe and obey the
orders of the President of the United States, and the orders of
the officers appointed over me, according to the Rules and Articles
for the government of the Armies of the United States.

"R. E. Lee, Bt.-Col., U. S. A.

"Sworn to and subscribed before me at West Point, N. Y., this 15th
day of March, 1855.

"Wm. H. Carpenter, Justice of the Peace."

(17) Letter of Adjutant-General Thomas to Garfield. _Army of
Cumberland Society Proceedings_ (Cleveland), 1870, p. 94.

(18) _War Records_, vol. i., pp. 11-13.

It is worthy of note that at high noon, exactly four years later
(1865) the identical flag lowered in dishonor was "raised in glory"
over Fort Sumter, Robert Anderson participating.

(19) Crawford, p. 421.

(20) _Life of Toombs_ (Stovall), p. 226.

(21) One man was killed on each side by accident.

(22) Letter to Greeley, August 22, 1862, Lincoln's _Com. Works_,
vol. ii., p. 227; also same sentiment, letter to Robinson, August
17, 1864, p. 563.

(23) General Benjamin Lincoln, of the Revolution, affords a striking
example. He was brave, skillful, often held high command, and
always possessed Washington's confidence, yet he never won a battle.
To compensate him somewhat for his misfortunes Washington designated
him to receive the surrender at Yorktown, October 19, 1781.--
_Washington and His Generals_ (Headley), vol. ii., pp. 104, 121.

(24) Euripides said, more than two thousand years ago: "Cowards
do no _count_ in battle; they are _there_, but _not in it._"

(25) _Hist. of Rebellion_ (McPherso