ions that when there is rupture
between the broad ligaments hemorrhage is greatly limited by the
resistance of the surrounding structures, death rarely resulting from
the primary rupture in this location. Cordier gives an instance in
which he successfully removed a full-grown child, the result of an
ectopic gestation which had ruptured intraligamentally and had been
retained nearly two years.

Lospichlerus gives an account of a mother carrying twins, extrauterine,
for six years. Mounsey of Riga, physician to the army of the Czarina,
sent to the Royal Society in 1748 the bones of a fetus that had been
extracted from one of the fallopian tubes after a lodgment of thirteen
years. Starkey Middleton read the report of a case of a child which had
been taken out of the abdomen, having lain there nearly sixteen years,
during which time the mother had borne four children. It was argued at
this time that boys were conceived on the right side and girls on the
left, and in commenting on this Middleton remarks that in this case the
woman had three boys and one girl after the right fallopian tube had
lost its function. Chester cites the instance of a fetus being retained
fifty-two years, the mother not dying until her eightieth year.
Margaret Mathew carried a child weighing eight pounds in her abdomen
for twenty-six years, and which after death was extracted. Aubrey
speaks of a woman aged seventy years unconsciously carrying an
extrauterine fetus for many years, which was only discovered
postmortem. She had ceased to menstruate at forty and had borne a child
at twenty-seven. Watkins speaks of a fetus being retained forty-three
years; James, others for twenty-five, thirty, forty-six, and fifty
years; Murfee, fifty-five years; Cunningham, forty years; Johnson,
forty-four years; Josephi, fifteen years (in the urinary bladder);
Craddock, twenty-two years, and da Costa Simoes, twenty-six years.

Long Retention of Uterine Pregnancy.--Cases of long retained
intrauterine pregnancies are on record and deserve as much
consideration as those that were extrauterine. Albosius speaks of a
mother carrying a child in an ossified condition in the uterus for
twenty-eight years. Cheselden speaks of a case in which a child was
carried many years in the uterus, being converted into a clay-like
substance, but preserving form and outline. Caldwell mentions the case
of a woman who carried an ossified fetus in her uterus for sixty years.
Camerer describes