llowers have been almost miraculously preserved. As Littre puts it,
"Les ecrits hippocratiques demeurent isoles au milieu des debris de
l'antique litterature medicale."--(Ballantyne.)

The first to be considered is the transmission of contagious disease to
the fetus in utero. The first disease to attract attention was
small-pox. Devilliers, Blot, and Depaul all speak of congenital
small-pox, the child born dead and showing evidences of the typical
small-pox pustulation, with a history of the mother having been
infected during pregnancy. Watson reports two cases in which a child in
utero had small-pox. In the first case the mother was infected in
pregnancy; the other was nursing a patient when seven months pregnant;
she did not take the disease, although she had been infected many
months before. Mauriceau delivered a woman of a healthy child at full
term after she had recovered from a severe attack of this disease
during the fifth month of gestation. Mauriceau supposed the child to be
immune after the delivery. Vidal reported to the French Academy of
Medicine, May, 1871, the case of a woman who gave birth to a living
child of about six and one-half months' maturation, which died some
hours after birth covered with the pustules of seven or eight days'
eruption. The pustules on the fetus were well umbilicated and typical,
and could have been nothing but those of small-pox; besides, this
disease was raging in the neighborhood at the time. The mother had
never been infected before, and never was subsequently. Both parents
were robust and neither of them had ever had syphilis. About the time
of conception, the early part of December, 1870, the father had
suffered from the semiconfluent type, but the mother, who had been
vaccinated when a girl, had never been stricken either during or after
her husband's sickness. Quirke relates a peculiar instance of a child
born at midnight, whose mother was covered with the eruption eight
hours after delivery. The child was healthy and showed no signs of the
contagion, and was vaccinated at once. Although it remained with its
mother all through the sickness, it continued well, with the exception
of the ninth day, when a slight fever due to its vaccination appeared.
The mother made a good recovery, and the author remarks that had the
child been born a short time later, it would most likely have been
infected.

Ayer reports an instance of congenital variola in twins. Chantreuil
speaks of