ely from malaria; the mother had never had a
chill. The violent fetal movements induced labor, and the spleen was so
large as to retard it. After birth the child had seven malarial
paroxysms but recovered, the splenic tumor disappearing.

The modes of infection of the fetus by syphilis, and the infection of
the mother, have been well discussed, and need no mention here.

There has been much discussion on the effects on the fetus in utero of
medicine administered to the pregnant mother, and the opinions as to
the reliability of this medication are so varied that we are in doubt
as to a satisfactory conclusion. The effects of drugs administered and
eliminated by the mammary glands and transmitted to the child at the
breast are well known, and have been witnessed by nearly every
physician, and, as in cases of strong metallic purges, etc., need no
other than the actual test. However, scientific experiments as to the
efficacy of fetal therapeutics have been made from time to time with
varying results.

Gusserow of Strasbourg tested for iodin, chloroform, and salicylic acid
in the blood and secretions of the fetus after maternal administration
just before death. In 14 cases in which iodin had been administered, he
examined the fetal urine of 11 cases; in 5, iodin was present, and in
the others, absent. He made some similar experiments on the lower
animals. Benicke reports having given salicylic acid just before birth
in 25 cases, and in each case finding it in the urine of the child
shortly after birth.

At a discussion held in New York some years ago as to the real effect
on the fetus of giving narcotics to the mother, Dr. Gaillard Thomas was
almost alone in advocating that the effect was quite visible. Fordyce
Barker was strongly on the negative side. Henning and Ahlfeld, two
German observers, vouch for the opinion of Thomas, and Thornburn states
that he has witnessed the effect of nux vomica and strychnin on the
fetus shortly after birth. Over fifty years ago, in a memoir on
"Placental Phthisis," Sir James Y. Simpson advanced a new idea in the
recommendation of potassium chlorate during the latter stages of
pregnancy. The efficacy of this suggestion is known, and whether, as
Simpson said, it acts by supplying extra oxygen to the blood, or
whether the salt itself is conveyed to the fetus, has never been
definitely settled.

McClintock, who has been a close observer on this subject, reports some
interesting cases. In