tnote 10: The Angel-chorusses in this scene present the only instances
in which the translator, for the sake of retaining the ring and swing of
the melody, has felt himself obliged to give a transfusion of the spirit
of the thought, instead of its exact form.

The literal meaning of the first chorus is:--

Christ is arisen!
Joy to the Mortal,
Whom the ruinous,
Creeping, hereditary
Infirmities wound round.

Dr. Hedge has come nearer than any one to reconciling meaning and melody
thus:--

"Christ has arisen!
Joy to our buried Head!
Whom the unmerited,
Trailing, inherited
Woes did imprison."

The present translator, without losing sight of the fact that "the Mortal"
means Christ, has taken the liberty (constrained by rhyme,--which is
sometimes more than the _rudder_ of verse,) of making the congratulation
include Humanity, as incarnated in Christ, "the second Adam."

In the closing Chorus of Angels, the translator found that he could best
preserve the spirit of the five-fold rhyme:--

"Thaetig ihn preisenden,
Liebe beweisenden,
Bruederlich speisenden,
Predigend reisenden,
Wonne verheissenden,"

by running it into three couplets.]

[Footnote 11: The prose account of the alchymical process is as follows:--

"There was red mercury, a powerfully acting body, united with the tincture
of antimony, at a gentle heat of the water-bath. Then, being exposed to
the heat of open fire in an aludel, (or alembic,) a sublimate filled its
heads in succession, which, if it appeared with various hues, was the
desired medicine."]

[Footnote 12: "Salamander, &c." The four represent the spirits of the
four elements, fire, water, air, and earth, which Faust successively
conjures, so that, if the monster belongs in any respect to this mundane
sphere, he may be exorcized. But it turns out that he is beyond and
beneath all.]

[Footnote 13: Here, of course, Faust makes the sign of the cross, or holds
out a crucifix.]

[Footnote 14: "Fly-God," _i.e._ Beelzebub.]

[Footnote 15: The "Drudenfuss," or pentagram, was a pentagonal figure
composed of three triangles, thus:
[Illustration]

[Footnote 16: Doctor's Feast. The inaugural feast given at taking a
degree.]

[Footnote 17: "Blood." When at the first invention of printing, the art
was ascribed to the devil, the illuminated red ink parts were said by the
people to be done in blood.]

[Footnote 18: "The Spanish boot" was an instrument of tortur