to make it hardly recognizable as being the same performance
as the one elsewhere known by that name. As given on Kauai,
both the olapa and the hoopaa took part, as they do on the
[Page 119] other islands, but in the Kauai performance the olapa alone
handled the two sticks of the xylophone, which in other parts
formed the sole instrument of musical accompaniment to this
hula. Other striking novelties also were introduced. The
olapa held between their toes small sticks with which they
beat upon a resonant beam of wood that lay on the floor, thus
producing tones of a low pitch. Another departure from the
usual style of this hula was that the hoopaa, at the same
time, devoted themselves with the right hand to playing upon
the pu-niu, the small drum, while with the left they
developed the deep bass of the pahu. The result of this outre
combination must have been truly remarkable.

It is a matter of observation that on the island of Kauai
both the special features of its spoken language and the
character of its myths and legends indicate a closer
relationship to the groups of the southern Pacific, to which
the Hawaiian people owe their origin, than do those of the
other islands of the Hawaiian group.
[Page 120]

XVI.--THE HULA ILI-ILI

The _hula ili-ili_, pebble-dance, was a performance of the
classical times, in which, according to one who has witnessed
it, the olapa alone took part. The dancers held in each hand
a couple of pebbles, _ili-ili_--hence the name of the
dance--which they managed to clash against each other, after
the fashion of castanets, thus producing a rude music of much
the same quality as that elicited from the "bones" in our
minstrel performances. According to another witness, the drum
also was sometimes used in connection with the pebbles as an
accompaniment to this hula.

The ili-ili was at times a hula of intensity--that is to say,
was acted with that stress of voice and manner which the
Hawaiians termed _ai-ha'a_; but it seems to have been more
often performed in that quiet natural tone of voice and