tion to inaugurate
a reign of "pure reason" in religion or politics, but has boldly and
cheerfully adopted symbolism and pageantry. Friendly societies and trade
unions have their badges, banners, and buttons. The Roman Catholic Church
grows in popularity with the working class, and in many towns and cities
the Church of England and the Salvation Army are distinctly popular. On the
other hand, the Nonconformist churches confess annually to a decreasing
membership, and Secularist and Ethical societies have but the smallest
following.

The royal processions and the pageantry of monarchy have provided a
spectacular display that average human nature enjoys. The symbols and
trappings of monarchy must be shown if the sovereign is to be popular; they
add to the gaiety of life, and people are grateful for the warmth of colour
they impart to our grey streets. The sovereign in encouraging the renewed
and growing love for pageants and ceremonial has discerned the signs of the
times. Modern democracy does not desire that kings or priests shall rule;
but it does require that they shall on State occasions and in the
performance of their office, be clad in kingly and priestly robes, and by
their proceedings enrich the dignity of public life, and the beauty of
public worship.

THE DEMOCRATIC IDEALS: SOCIALISM AND SOCIAL REFORM

The rise of Socialism in the 'eighties not only diverted the attention of
working-class leaders from political reform, but it substituted for the
destruction of monarchy and the House of Lords a reconstruction of society
as the goal of democracy; and the Socialist teaching has been of enduring
and penetrating influence.

Fifty years earlier in the nineteenth century, Robert Owen had preached a
Socialist crusade with strenuous persuasion--but, ignoring politics, he
outlived the temporary success of his cause. The utopian Socialism of Owen
flourished and died, as Chartism, under different treatment, flourished and
died.

The "scientific" Socialism of Karl Marx was planned on stronger
foundations. It brought a message of hope; it revealed how the change was
to be wrought that would "emancipate the workers of the world from the
slavery of wage service"; and it insisted that this change was inevitable.
On the Continent, and more particularly in Germany, the Social Democratic
Party has gained an enormous working-class support, and every election adds
to its strength.

In England the Social Democratic Federation-