e of the true
nobility of the land, were to be found among those spurious nobles created
by George III. Nor were the material interests of the country better
represented. Among the most important men in England those engaged in
banking and commerce held a high place; since the end of the seventeenth
century their influence had rapidly increased.... But in the reign of
George III. claims of this sort were little heeded."--BUCKLE, _History of
Civilisation_.

[70] "They, the friars, and especially the Franciscans, largely influenced
politics. The conception of individual freedom, upon which the life of St.
Francis was built, went far to instil the idea of civic freedom into men's
minds.... It was the ideas of the friars that found expression in the
Baron's War." The Song of the Battle of Lewes "set forth unmistakably the
conception of the official position of the King, and affirmed the right of
his subjects to remove evil counsellors from his neighbourhood, and to
remind him of his duty--ideas due to the political influence of the
Franciscans."--CREIGHTON, _Historical Lectures and Addresses_.

[71] The late Lord Acton pointed out that St. Thomas Aquinas was really the
first Whig.

[72] See Introduction to Rousseau's _Social Contract_, by H. J. Tozer.

[73] "That which distinguishes the French Revolution from other political
movements is that it was directed by men who had adopted certain
speculative a priori conceptions with the fanaticism and proselytising
fervour of a religious belief, and the Bible of their Creed was the
_Contrat Social_ of Rousseau."--LECKY, _England in Eighteenth Century_,
Vol. V.

"The original contract seized on as a watchword by Rousseau's enthusiasm
grew from an arid fiction into a great and dangerous deceit of
nations."--Sir F. POLLOCK, _History of the Science of Politics_.

[74] Mr. H.J. Tozer. Introduction to Rousseau's _Social Contract_.

[75] See Conway's _Life of Paine_, Vol. I.

[76] Professor T.F. Tout, _England from 1689_.

[77] Tout, _ibid._

[78] Tout, _ibid._

[79] R.G. Gammage, _History of the Chartist Movement_.

[80] "The condition of the labouring classes was the least satisfactory
feature of English life in 1846. Politically they were dumb, for they had
no parliamentary votes. Socially they were depressed, though their lot had
been considerably improved by an increased demand for labour and by the
removal of taxes in Peel's great Budget of 1842. That was the year in