s daughters, and granddaughters.

The population of Gouber and Maradee together may be about 1500.

_Maradee_, capital of Maradee, and residence of the Siriki.

_Jinubakai_ is the second division of the country, inhabited wholly by
the pagans or gia-drinkers (beer-drinkers); not, therefore, Mahometans.

_Gouber_ (Gubar), is the name of the country, of which the capital and
residence of the sultan is _Chibri_. This country consists of a large
city (Chibri), and several small villages, some fifty or sixty; two are
here mentioned, Gomer and Sanna.

These two countries of Gouber and Maradee are now in alliance against
the Sultan of Sakkatou, i.e. of the Fellatahs, and mutually inflict
razzias upon one another. Tesaoua is in close connexion with these
ancient Kohlan countries, and is, indeed, a province of Maradee. There
are mixed up with the population a number of people, emigrants from
Aheer, called Buzai; but these Aheer Tuaricks have lost both their
language and nationality, retaining merely the name, to denote their
origin. So, in all probability, were more people and of other countries
to emigrate to Soudan, they would soon become Soudanee, and lose their
nationality. In these countries of Soudan above-mentioned, Mahommedanism
has been but lately professed. But the great distinguishing mark between
paganism and Mahommedanism appears to be the drinking or not drinking
gia, the latter being the people who of course abstain from this
intoxicating beverage.

Overweg says, that within three-quarters of an hour's walk are found
hereabout granite, sandstone, and basalt, a variety of stones somewhat
remarkable.

The study of _sau_, "footsteps" of men and animals, is quite a science
in this part of the world. The Fezzanee are reckoned the most expert in
this knowledge; they are said to be able to distinguish the footsteps of
people when printed upon the trunk of a palm, the print-step being made
by dipping the feet in water! As to animals, the people observe near the
neighbouring rocks the sau of the lion--a very deep, heavy impression of
his five claws, of the monkey, the hare, the gazelle, the fox, the
jackal, the hyaena, the mouse, &c. &c. Indeed, we appear to be
surrounded with animals; and in the morning I found the sau of the dog,
the cat, the hare, and the mouse, on the sandy floor of my tent. It is
my intention, before I leave Africa, to draw the forms of the footsteps
of the more remarkable animals. _Inshallah!_