ople abroad, who do not know the native name.
Maradee has its native name of Mariadi, but if you were to mention this
name in Mourzuk and Tripoli none would know the country of which you
were speaking. In fact, it is just the same as calling Florence Firenza,
when speaking to persons who have not travelled in Tuscany, or who are
unacquainted with Italian. I continue much occupied with the Bornouese
and Haussa languages, and am now collecting the names of insects and
animals. This is extremely difficult, as for many of the animals of
Soudan there are no Arabic names.

I measured an ant-track, and found it 125 feet. The ants were fetching
the cottony dried blossom of a withered plant, and were amazingly busy.
The tracks did not wind much. I noticed, also, in my walk, the footmarks
of hares and many other animals. This country is full of live things.

_11th._--I rose before sunrise; this is the coldest morning I have yet
had, according to the thermometer, which was only two degrees above the
freezing point (34 deg.).

A circular letter arrived to-day from Aghadez, addressed to all the
Tuaricks, written by Mustapha Bey of Mourzuk, recommending them to
render us all necessary protection. It is dated back two months.
Probably this letter was written on account of the unfavourable
intelligence which reached Mourzuk respecting us. To-morrow, please God,
we start for Soudan.

_12th._--Thank God! we left our encampment of Chintagawna this morning.
And oh, most gracious God! give us a prosperous journey, and may we be
useful to ourselves and our fellow-creatures.

We started about eleven o'clock, and went on about three hours and
a-half. The day was very cool; the thermometer in the morning, at
sunrise, being only three degrees above the freezing-point. We expect to
see the water freeze on the high plains through which we are about to
pass, before arriving at Damerghou. Our encampment is a pleasant wady,
under a conical-formed rock of considerable elevation, perhaps 1500
feet. We are also in a high situation, some 1000 or more feet above the
level of the sea. There is near this rock a lower one of an oblong form,
its sides fluted with pillars; these columnar masses are basalt. Dr.
Overweg examined the rocks, and found the outer crust a new species of
rock, a sort of trachite or brachite; and the interior a sort of basalt,
or volcanic substance. The large rock is also of the same formation. Dr.
Barth ascended the large rock.