unnatural craving for food, even after a full meal; costiveness,
suddenly followed by the reverse; fetid breath, a livid circle under the
eyes, enlarged abdomen, and picking the nose; for which the remedies
must be prescribed by the doctor.

2410. _Measles_ and _Scarlatina_ much resemble each other in their early
stages: headache, restlessness, and fretfulness are the symptoms of
both. Shivering fits, succeeded by a hot skin; pains in the back and
limbs, accompanied by sickness, and, in severe cases, sore throat; pain
about the jaws, difficulty in swallowing, running at the eyes, which
become red and inflamed, while the face is hot and flushed, often
distinguish scarlatina and scarlet fever, of which it is only a mild
form.

2411. While the case is doubtful, a dessert-spoonful of spirit of nitre
diluted in water, given at bedtime, will throw the child into a gentle
perspiration, and will bring out the rash in either case. In measles,
this appears first on the face; in scarlatina, on the chest; and in both
cases a doctor should be called in. In scarlatina, tartar-emetic powder
or ipecacuanha may be administered in the mean time.

2412. In all cases, cleanliness, fresh air, clean utensils, and frequent
washing of the person, both of nurse and children, are even more
necessary in the nursery than in either drawing-room or sick-room,
inasmuch as the delicate organs of childhood are more susceptible of
injury from smells and vapours than adults.

2413. It may not be out of place if we conclude this brief notice of the
duties of a nursemaid, by an extract from Florence Nightingale's
admirable "Notes on Nursing." Referring to children, she says:--

2414. "They are much more susceptible than grown people to all
noxious influences. They are affected by the same things, but
much more quickly and seriously; by want of fresh air, of proper
warmth; want of cleanliness in house, clothes, bedding, or body;
by improper food, want of punctuality, by dulness, by want of
light, by too much or too little covering in bed or when up."
And all this in health; and then she quotes a passage from a
lecture on sudden deaths in infancy, to show the importance of
careful nursing of children:--"In the great majority of
instances, when death suddenly befalls the infant or young
child, it is an _accident_; it is not a necessary, inevitable
result of any disease. That which is known to injure child