Lower California. The mission of San
Luis Rey in California was, when established, in Yuman territory, and
marks the northern limit of the family. More recently and at the present
time this locality is in possession of Shoshonean tribes.

The island of Angel de la Guardia and Tiburon Island were occupied by
tribes of the Yuman family, as also was a small section of Mexico lying
on the gulf to the north of Guaymas.

PRINCIPAL TRIBES.

Cochimi.
Cocopa.
Cuchan or Yuma proper.
Diegueno.
Havasupai.
Maricopa.
Mohave.
Seri.
Waicuru.
Walapai.

_Population._--The present population of these tribes, as given in
Indian Affairs Report for 1889, and the U.S. Census Bulletin for 1890,
is as follows:

Of the Yuma proper there are 997 in California attached to the Mission
Agency and 291 at the San Carlos Agency in Arizona.

Mohave, 640 at the Colorado River Agency in Arizona; 791 under the San
Carlos Agency; 400 in Arizona not under an agency.

Havasupai, 214 in Cosnino Canon, Arizona.

Walapai, 728 in Arizona, chiefly along the Colorado.

Diegueno, 555 under the Mission Agency, California.

Maricopa, 315 at the Pima Agency, Arizona.

The population of the Yuman tribes in Mexico and Lower California is
unknown.

ZUNIAN FAMILY.

= Zuni, Turner in Pac. R. R. Rep., III, pt. 3, 55, 91-93, 1856 (finds
no radical affinity between Zuni and Keres). Buschmann, Neu-Mexico,
254, 266, 276-278, 280-296, 302, 1858 (vocabs. and general
references). Keane, App. Stanford's Com. (Cent. and So. Am.), 479,
1878 ("a stock language"). Powell in Rocky Mountain Presbyterian,
Nov., 1878 (includes Zuni, Las Nutrias, Ojo de Pescado). Gatschet in
Mag. Am. Hist., 260, 1882.

= Zunian, Powell in Am. Nat., 604, August, 1880.

Derivation: From the Cochit['i] term Suinyi, said to mean "the people of
the long nails," referring to the surgeons of Zuni who always wear some
of their nails very long (Cushing).

Turner was able to compare the Zuni language with the Keran, and his
conclusion that they were entirely distinct has been fully
substantiated. Turner had vocabularies collected by Lieut. Simpson and
by Capt. Eaton, and also one collected by Lieut. Whipple.

The small amount of linguistic material accessible to the earlier
writers accounts for the little done in the way of classifying the
Pueblo languages. Latham possessed vocabularies of the Moqui, Zuni,
A[']coma or Laguna, Jemez, Tesuq