Revolution, upon Seigniorial Tenure.

CONFEDERATION OF CANADIAN PROVINCES

TOPICAL ANALYSIS

_Causes:_

1. The idea of union an old one in Canada and the Maritime Provinces;
foreshadowed in Durham's Report.

2. Immediate cause in Canada was the question of representation by
population; deadlock in Parliament.

3. Immediate cause in Maritime Provinces was the feeling between Britain
and the Colonies and the United States over the _Trent_ affair, the
_Alabama_ trouble, and the idea in the Northern States that the British
Colonies favoured the cause of the South in the Civil War.

_Steps toward Confederation:_

1. Meeting of delegates from the Maritime Provinces in Charlottetown in
1864.

2. Meeting in Quebec, 1864, of delegates from all the provinces favours
Confederation.

3. Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island reject the proposal, and
delegates from Upper Canada (Ontario), Lower Canada (Quebec), Nova
Scotia, and New Brunswick proceed to London to secure an Act of Union
from the Imperial Government.

4. Movement in favour of union hastened by United States giving notice
in 1865 of the termination of the Reciprocity Treaty in a year, and by
the Fenian Raid, 1866.

5. Union accomplished by means of the British North America Act passed
by the British Parliament in 1867, and brought into force on July 1st,
1867. The provinces confederated as the Dominion of Canada; a Federal
Union.

_Outline of Terms:_

See _Ontario Public School History of Canada_, p. 215. Provision made
for admission of new provinces.

_Expansion of Confederation:_

Admission of other provinces--Manitoba, 1870; British Columbia, 1871;
Prince Edward Island, 1873; Alberta and Saskatchewan, 1905; Yukon
territory also represented in the Dominion Parliament.

NOTES OF A LESSON ON THE INFLUENCE OF GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS ON THE
HISTORY OF A COUNTRY

CORRELATION OF HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY

GENERAL

The history of a nation is influenced very largely by geographical
facts. Its internal relations, whether friendly or hostile, are affected
by these. Natural barriers, such as mountains, seas, or great lakes and
rivers, are often political frontiers exerting protecting or isolating
influence.

Its industrial progress depends primarily upon its natural
products--minerals, grains, woods, fish, etc., and the facilities which
its structure affords for trade, both domestic and foreign. A sea-coast,
with satisfactory harbours, ten