ericans," ii, p. 8.

[8:1] Peck, "New Guide to the West" (Cincinnati, 1848), ch. iv; Parkman,
"Oregon Trail"; Hall, "The West" (Cincinnati, 1848); Pierce, "Incidents
of Western Travel"; Murray, "Travels in North America"; Lloyd,
"Steamboat Directory" (Cincinnati, 1856); "Forty Days in a Western
Hotel" (Chicago), in _Putnam's Magazine_, December, 1894; Mackay, "The
Western World," ii, ch. ii, iii; Meeker, "Life in the West"; Bogen,
"German in America" (Boston, 1851); Olmstead, "Texas Journey"; Greeley,
"Recollections of a Busy Life"; Schouler, "History of the United
States," v, 261-267; Peyton, "Over the Alleghanies and Across the
Prairies" (London, 1870); Loughborough, "The Pacific Telegraph and
Railway" (St. Louis, 1849); Whitney, "Project for a Railroad to the
Pacific" (New York, 1849); Peyton, "Suggestions on Railroad
Communication with the Pacific, and the Trade of China and the Indian
Islands"; Benton, "Highway to the Pacific" (a speech delivered in the U.
S. Senate, December 16, 1850).

[8:2] A writer in _The Home Missionary_ (1850), p. 239, reporting
Wisconsin conditions, exclaims: "Think of this, people of the
enlightened East. What an example, to come from the very frontier of
civilization!" But one of the missionaries writes: "In a few years
Wisconsin will no longer be considered as the West, or as an outpost of
civilization, any more than Western New York, or the Western Reserve."

[8:3] Bancroft (H. H.), "History of California," "History of Oregon,"
and "Popular Tribunals"; Shinn, "Mining Camps."

[10:1] See the suggestive paper by Prof. Jesse Macy, "The Institutional
Beginnings of a Western State."

[10:2] Shinn, "Mining Camps."

[10:3] Compare Thorpe, in _Annals American Academy of Political and
Social Science_, September, 1891; Bryce, "American Commonwealth" (1888),
ii, p. 689.

[11:1] Loria, Analisi della Proprieta Capitalista, ii, p. 15.

[11:2] Compare "Observations on the North American Land Company,"
London, 1796, pp. xv, 144; Logan, "History of Upper South Carolina," i,
pp. 149-151; Turner, "Character and Influence of Indian Trade in
Wisconsin," p. 18; Peck, "New Guide for Emigrants" (Boston, 1837), ch.
iv; "Compendium Eleventh Census," i, p. xl.

[12:1] See _post_, for illustrations of the political accompaniments of
changed industrial conditions.

[13:1] But Lewis and Clark were the first to explore the route from the
Missouri to the Columbia.

[14:1] "Narrative and Critical History