hing water for his _naumachia_ (a
basin for sham sea-fights), and not for drinking purposes. Its course is
unknown, as no remains of it exist, but an inscription relating to it
is given in _Notizie d. Scant_ (1887), p. 182. (8, 9) The AQUA CLAUDIA
and ANIO NOVUS were two aqueducts begun by Caligula in A.D. 38 and
completed by Claudius in A.D. 52. The springs of the former belonged to
the same group as those of the Marcia, and were situated near the 38th
milestone of the Via Sublacensis, not far from its divergence from the
Via Valeria, while the original intake of the latter from the river Anio
was 4 m. farther along the same road. As the water was thick it was
collected in a purifying tank, and 4 m. below, a branch stream, the
Rivus Herculaneus, was added to it. According to Frontinus, over 10 m.
of the course of the Claudia and nearly 9-1/2 of that of the Anio Novus
were above ground. Seven miles out of Rome they united and ran from that
point into Rome, following a natural isthmus formed by a lava stream
from the Alban volcano, upon a line of arches, which still forms one of
the most conspicuous features of the Campagna. The original inscription
of Claudius (A.D. 52) on the Porta Maggiore, by which the Aqua Claudia
and Anio Novus crossed the Via Praenestina and the Via Labicana, gives
the length of the Aqua Claudia as 45 m., and that of the Anio Novus as
62 m. Frontinus, on the other hand, gives 46.406 m. (i.e. about 43
English miles) and 58.700 m. (i.e. about 54 English miles). Albertini
(_Melanges de l'Ecole Francaise_, 1906, 305) explains the difference as
due to the fact that Frontinus was calculating the length of the Claudia
from the farthest spring, the Fons Albudinus, and that of the Anio Novus
from the new intake constructed by Trajan in one of the three lakes
constructed by Nero for the adornment of his villa above Subiaco. Two
other inscriptions on the Porta Maggiore record restorations by
Vespasian in A.D. 70, and by Titus in A.D. 80. That the aqueducts should
be spoken of as _vetustate dilapsi_ so soon after their construction is
not a little surprising, and may be attributed either to hasty
construction in order to complete them by a fixed date, or to jobbery by
the imperial freedmen who under Claudius were especially powerful, or to
the fact that a line of arches intended originally in all probability
for the Aqua Claudia alone was made to carry the Anio Novus as well.

The size of the channels (_specus