ted into two courses, one of which led to the _horti Asiniani_,
and was thence distributed; while the other (_rectus ductus_) led by the
temple of Spes to the Porta Esquilina. (3) AQUA MARCIA, reconstructed in
1869-1870 under the name of Acqua Pia or Marcia-Pia after Pius IX.
(though from Tivoli to Rome the modern aqueduct takes an entirely
different course), rising on the left side of the Via Valeria near the
36th milestone. It traversed 61-3/4 m., of which 54-1/4 were
underground, and for the remaining distance was carried partly on
substructions and partly on arches. It was the work of the praetor
Quintus Marcius Rex (144-140 B.C.), not of Ancus Marcius, the fourth
king of Rome, as Pliny (_N.H._ xxxi. 3) fancied, and took its name from
its constructor. Its waters were celebrated for their coolness and
excellent quality. Its volume was largely increased by Augustus, who
added to it the Aqua Augusta; and it was repaired and restored by Titus,
Septimus Severus, Caracalla and Diocletian. (4) AQUA TEPULA, from its
source (now known as Sorgente Preziosa) in the district of Tusculum, to
Rome, was some 11 m. in length. The first portion of its course must
have been almost entirely subterranean and is not now traceable. For the
last 6-1/2 m. it ran on the same series of arches that carried the Aqua
Marcia, but at a higher level. It was the work of the censors Cn.
Servilius Caepio and L. Cassius Longinus, and was completed in the year
125 B.C. Its water is warm (about 63 deg. Fahr.) and not of the best
quality. (5) The AQUA JULIA, from a source 2 m. from that of the Tepula,
joined its course at the 10th milestone of the Via Latina. The combined
stream, after a distance of 4 m., was received in a reservoir, and then
once more divided into two channels. The entire length of the Julia was
15-1/2 m. It was constructed in the year 33 B.C. by M. Vipsanius
Agrippa, who also built the (6) AQUA VIRGO which, from its origin at a
copious spring in a marsh on the Via Collatina, measured 14 m. in
length; it was conveyed in a channel, partly under and partly above
ground. It was begun in the year 33 B.C. and was celebrated for the
excellence of its waters. It was restored to use by Pius V. in 1570. (7)
AQUA ALSIETINA or AUGUSTA, the source of which is the Lacus Alsietinus
(mod. Lago di Martignano), to the north of Rome, was over 22 m. in
length, of which 358 paces were on arches. It was the work of Augustus,
probably with the object of furnis