l prizes, sale of enemy merchantmen to
neutrals, enemy property, convoy and so forth, has been agreed on,
though still unratified.

[Sidenote: The Permanent Court of Arbitration and other international
courts.]

9. It is noteworthy that the first Hague Conference established a
permanent international arbitral tribunal and that the second Hague
Conference decided on the establishment of an International Prize Court
and produced a plan for a standing international court at The Hague.
Hitherto there have been no international courts for the decision of
disputes, and if contending powers have been ready to refer their
disputes to arbitration, they have always first had to form an arbitral
tribunal; but now there is in existence an actual International Court of
Arbitration, and other international courts are in contemplation.

[Sidenote: The Hague Peace Conferences as a permanent institution.]

10. Lastly, it is noteworthy that in the Final Act of the second Hague
Conference a recommendation was expressed that the powers should call a
third Conference in the year 1915, and two years before its meeting
should appoint a preparatory committee, entrusted, among other things,
with the task of proposing a system of organization and procedure for
the coming Conference. This recommendation gives the first impetus
towards making the Hague Conferences a permanent institution and so
ensuring their periodic assembly without the need of initiative on the
part of some one power or another.

[Sidenote: Uncertainty as to the fate of the Declaration of London and
of some of the Hague Conventions.]

11. Neither all the results of the second Hague Peace Conference nor
those of the London Naval Conference are as yet assured, for the
Declaration of London has not yet been ratified, and so the fate of the
International Prize Court is still involved in doubt. The fate of some
of the numerous conventions of the second Hague Conference is still in
similar doubt, and many of those conventions which have been ratified
present only a fragmentary and provisional settlement of their
respective topics. Whatever may be the fate of these agreements which
are still in suspense, this much is certain, that international
legislation, international administration of justice, and international
organization occupy the foreground of affairs, have already been in part
established, and must be in ever-increasing requisition by the present
and the coming