s_
referred to in the text. For British consuls much detailed
information, including, e.g., minute directions for the uniforms of
the various grades, will be found in the official _Foreign Office
List_ published annually. As regards American consuls, see C. L.
Jones, _The Consular Service of the U. S. A._ (Philadelphia, 1906);
_Publications of Univ. of Pennsylvania_, "Series in Pol. Econ. and
Public Law," No. 18; and Fred. Van Dyne, _Our Foreign Service_
(Rochester, N.Y., 1909).

FOOTNOTES:

[3] The title of consul was borne by the chief municipal officers of
several cities of the south of France during the middle ages and up
to the Revolution. The name was not due to their being the
successors of the chiefs of the Roman _municipia_. They were members
of the governing body known as the _consulat_, and in Latin
documents are sometimes styled _consiliarii_, i.e. councillors. The
_consulat_ itself is not traceable beyond the 12th century.

[2] Particular quarters of mercantile cities were assigned to
foreign traders and were placed under the jurisdiction of their own
magistrates, variously styled syndics, provosts (_praepositi_),
echevins (_scabini_), &c., who had power to fine or to expel from
the quarter. The Hanseatic League (q.v.), particularly, had numerous
settlements of this kind, the earliest being the Steelyard at
London, established in the 13th century.

[3] i.e. as regards the organization of the system. Consuls, or
consuls-general, of other countries have sometimes a diplomatic or
quasi-diplomatic status. Consuls-general charges d'affaires, e.g.,
rank as diplomatic agents. Of these the most notable is the British
agent and consul-general in Egypt, whose position is unique. The
diplomatic agent of Belgium at Buenos Aires, e.g., is
minister-resident and consul-general, and the minister of Ecuador in
London is consul-general charge d'affaires.

[4] See also instructions to consuls prepared by the Board of Trade
and approved by the secretary of state for foreign affairs.

"CONSULATE OF THE SEA," a celebrated collection of maritime customs and
ordinances (see also Sea Laws) in the Catalan language, published at
Barcelona in the latter part of the 15th century. Its proper title is
_The Book of the Consulate_, or in Catalan, _Lo Libre de Consolat_, the
name being derived from the fact that it