ave undergone is
partly in existence, and begins three hundred and forty years
ago, with Coronado's adventurous march.[86]

AD. F. BANDELIER.

SANTA FE, N. M., Sept. 19, 1880.

NOTE.

THE GRAND QUIVIRA. See p. 26.

The following extract is from the "General Description" in the
field-notes of the survey in 1872 of the base line of the public surveys
in New Mexico by United States Deputy Surveyor Willison, taken from the
original notes on file at the United States Surveyor General's office at
Santa Fe:--

"The Gran Quivira, about which so much has been written and
so many attempts made to reconcile with the city of that
name spoken of by the early Spanish explorers, and which was
said by them to be the seat of immense wealth, is passed
through by the line in Sec. 34, range 8 East. The most
prominent building is the church, which, as well as all the
other buildings, is of limestone laid in mortar. The ground
plan presents the form of a cross. The dimensions of the
buildings are as follows:--

"Width of short arm of cross, 33 feet; width of long arm of
cross, 42 feet. Their axes are respectively 48 feet long and
140.5 feet long, and their intersection 35 feet from the
head of the cross. The walls have a thickness of 6 feet, and
a height of about 30 feet. The main entrance has a height of
11 feet, an outside width of 11 feet, and an inside width of
16.5 feet. The church is situated due east and west, having
its front to the east.

"Extending south from the church a distance of 160 feet, and
connected with it by a door in the short arm of the cross,
is a building containing a number of apartments. On the
window-frames of this building the mark of the carpenter's
scribe is still plainly visible, though doubtless exposed to
the action of the atmosphere for nearly two centuries. The
carved timbers in the church are still in a good state of
preservation; a portion of the roof still remains; some of
the timbers must have weighed 3,000 pounds at the time they
were brought to this place, and they could not have been
procured within a less distance than sixteen miles.

"The site of the ruins is elevated about one hundred feet
above the surrounding country, and embraces an area of about
eighteen acres. The town has been well and compactly built,
and probably contained a population approaching five
thousand souls. Numerous excavations have been made