PER DEVELOPMENT.--Wrong habits or
ideas often retard development. For example, it took centuries for
artists to see the colors of shadows correctly, because they were
sure that such shadows were a darker tone of the color itself.[23]

TEACHING UNDER SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT RESULTS IN GOOD
HABITS.--The aim of teaching under Scientific Management, as has
been said, is to create good habits of thinking and good habits of
doing.

STANDARDS LEAD TO RIGHT METHODS OF THINKING AND ACTING.--The
standards of Scientific Management, as presented to the worker in
the instruction card, lead to good habits, in that they present the
best known method of doing the work. They thus aid the beginner, in
that he need waste no time searching for right methods, but can
acquire right habits at once. They aid the worker trained under an
older, supplanted method, in that they wage a winning war against
old-time, worn-out methods and traditions. Old motor images, which
tend to cause motions, are overcome by standard images, which
suggest, and pass into, standard motions. The spontaneous recurring
of images under the old method is the familiar cause of inattention
and being unable to get down to business, and the real cause of the
expression, "You can't teach old dogs new tricks." On the other
hand, the spontaneous recurrence of the images of the standard
method is the cause of greater speed of movement of the experienced
man, and these images of the standard methods do recur often enough
to drive down the old images and to enable all men who desire, to
settle down and concentrate upon what they are doing.

THROUGH STANDARDS BAD HABITS ARE QUICKEST BROKEN.--Through the
standards the bad habit is broken by the abrupt acquisition of a new
habit. This is at once practiced, is practiced without exception,
and is continually practiced until the new habit is in control.[24]

THROUGH STANDARDS NEW HABITS ARE QUICKEST FORMED.--These same
standards, as presented in teaching, allow of the speediest forming
of habits, in that repetition is exact and frequent, and is kept so
by the fact that the worker's judgment seconds that of the teacher.

HABITS ARE INSTILLED BY TEACHING.--The chief function of the
teacher during the stage that habits are being formed is the
instilling of good habits.

METHODS OF INSTILLING GOOD HABITS.--This he does by
insisting on

1. right motions first, that is to say,--the right number
of ri