e relative merits of different methods, but
also somewhat as to the past history and possibilities of different
workers.

This, again, illustrates the wisdom of Scientific Management in
promoting from the ranks, and thus providing that every member of
the organization shall, ultimately, know from experience how to
estimate and judge the work of others.

HABITS OF ATTENTION FORMED BY SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT.--The good
habits which result from teaching standard methods result in habits
of attention. The standards aid the mind in holding a "selective
attitude,"[27] by presenting events in an orderly sequence. The
conditions under which the work is done, and the incentives for
doing it, provide that the attention shall be "lively and
prolonged."

PRESCRIBED MOTIONS AFFORD RHYTHM AND AESTHETIC PLEASURE.--The
prescribed motions that result from motion study and time study, and
that are arranged in cycles, afford a rhythm that allows the
attention to "glide over some beats and linger on others," as Prof.
Stratton describes it, in a different connection.[28] So also the
"perfectly controlled" movements, which fall under the direction of
a guiding law, and which "obey the will absolutely,"[29] give an
aesthetic pleasure and afford less of a tax upon the attention.

INSTRUCTION CARD CREATES AND HOLDS ATTENTION.--As has been
already said in describing the instruction card under Standardization,
it was designed as a result of investigations as to what would
best secure output,--to attract and hold the attention.[30]
Providing, as it does, all directions that an experienced worker is
likely to need, he can confine his attention solely to his work and
his card; usually, after the card is once studied, to his work
alone. The close relation of the elements of the instruction card
affords a field for attention to lapse, and be recalled in the new
elements that are constantly made apparent.

ORAL INDIVIDUAL TEACHING FOSTERS CONCENTRATED ATTENTION.--The
fact that under Scientific Management oral teaching is individual,
not only directly concentrates the attention of the learner upon
what he is being taught, but also indirectly prevents distraction
from fear of ridicule of others over the question, or embarrassment
in talking before a crowd.

THE BULLETIN BOARD FURNISHES THE ELEMENT OF CHANGE.--In order
that interest or attention may be held, there must be provision for
allied subjects on which the mind is to