ooeperation that underlies
Scientific Management is an added check against accidents, in that
everyone is guarding his fellows as well as himself.

PROGRESS OF STANDARDIZATION ASSURED.--As Scientific Management
becomes older, progress will be faster, because up to this time
there has been a hindrance standing in the way of rapid advancement
of the best standards. This hindrance has been the tendency of
habits of thought coinciding with former practice. For example, the
design of concrete building for years followed the habit of thinking
in terms of brick, or wood, or steel, and then attempting to design
and construct in reinforced concrete. Again, in the case of the
motor car, habits of thinking in vehicles drawn by animals for years
kept the design unnecessarily leaning toward that of horse vehicles.
As soon as thought was in terms of power vehicles, the efficient
motor truck of to-day was made, using the power also for power
loading and power hoisting, as is now done in motor trucks specially
designed for transporting and handling pianos and safes. So, also,
while the thought was of traditional practice, standard practice was
held back. Now that the theories of standardization are well
understood, standardization and standards in general can advance
with great rapidity.

CHAPTER VI FOOTNOTES: ==============================================

1. Compare R.T. Dana and W.L. Sanders, _Rock Drilling_, chap. XVI.
2. The idea of perfection is not involved in the standard of
Scientific Management. Morris Llewellyn Cooke, Bulletin No. 5,
of _The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching_,
p. 6.
3. _Cost of Manufactures_.
4. Sully, _The Teacher's Handbook of Psychology_, pp. 290-292.
5. C.B. Going, _Methods of the Sante Fe_, p. 66.
6. For desirability of standard signals see R.T. Dana, _Handbook of
Steam Shovel Work_, p. 32.
7. Stratton, _Experimental Psychology and Culture_, pp. 268-269.
8. F.W. Taylor, _Shop Management,_ para. 285, Harper Ed.,
pp. 123-124.
9. F.W. Taylor, _Shop Management,_ revised 1911, pp. 124-125.
10. F.W. Taylor, _On the Art of Cutting Metals_, A.S.M.E., No. 1119.
11. Stratton, _Experimental Psychology and Culture_, p. 11.
12. Mary Whiton Calkins, _A First Book in Psychology_, p. 65.
13. C.G. Barth, A.S.M.E., Vol. 25, Paper 1010, p. 46.
14. Charles Babbage, _On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures_,
Secs. 224-225. Adam Smith, _Wealth of Nations_,