queen and Mary was the _first_ queen
[Exclusion between _first_ and _last_, or Ex.], and Mary, _first_ queen,
was preceded by the _last_ Edward, or Edward VI. [Ex.] And Mary, the
_first_ queen, was followed by the the _first_ and only Elizabeth [In.]
And the _first_ and only Elizabeth was followed by James the _First_, or
I. [In.] Again, _Queen_ Elizabeth was followed by _King_ James, making a
clear case of Ex. Again, Anne, the _third_ queen, was preceded by Wm.
the _Third_, or III., and Mary [In.] And these _two_ co-equal
Sovereigns were preceded by James the _Second_, or II. [In., between
cardinal number _two_ and the ordinal number _Second_]. This series of
Queens concludes with Victoria the _fourth_ Queen, who was preceded by
William the _Fourth_, or IV. [In.], and William the _Fourth_, or IV.,
was preceded by George the _Fourth_, or IV. [In.]; and George IV. by
George III., and he by George II., and he by George I.,--a concurrence
reversed, and William IV. was preceded, as we have seen, by William III.
and Mary--and William III. by William II., and William I. at the very
beginning of the series--Con.

Now let us recall in the forward and reverse order what we have learned
so far. William I., William II., Edward VI., Mary, Elizabeth, James I.,
James II., William III. and Mary, Anne, George I., George II., George
III., George IV., William IV., and Victoria, and the order reversed is
Victoria, William IV., George IV., George III., George II., George I.,
Anne, William III. and Mary, James II., James I., Elizabeth, Mary,
Edward VI., William II., William I.

(II.) Disregarding for the moment the four periods of what is usually
called the Commonwealth, we see that between Elizabeth and William III.
and Mary, are four monarchs, the two James and the two Charles. We
have already learned that Elizabeth was followed by James I. and that
William III. and Mary were preceded by James II. Hence we see that the
two Charles must come _between_ the two James, and, of course, that
Charles I. must precede Charles II., and that the order of these four
monarchs _must_ be James I., Charles I., Charles II., and James II.--a
plain case of Con. reversed. We saw that there were two of these four
monarchs before the Commonwealth; there must then be two after it,
making James I. and Charles I. before the Commonwealth and Charles II.
and James II. after it.

On the day that Charles I. was executed (January 30, 1649), the
Parliament (the Hou