celui-ci est interesse a excuser tout ce qu'on reproche a son
predecesseur; et le citoyen assez temeraire pour se plaindre, est
expose a de nouvelles et a de plus fortes vexations." _Voyage de La
Perouse autour du Monde_. Paris, 1797, ii, p. 350.

[62] His comments on the kind of officials needed are not without
interest today: "A governor must understand war but he must not be
over confident of his abilities. Let him give ear to the advice of
those who know the country where things are managed very differently
from what they are in Europe. Those who have tried to carry on war in
the islands as it is carried on in Flanders and elsewhere in Europe
have fallen into irreparable mistakes. The main thing, however, is to
aim at the welfare of the people, to treat them kindly, to be friendly
toward foreigners, to take pains to have the ships for New Spain sail
promptly and in good order, to promote trade with neighboring people
and to encourage ship-building. In a word, to live with the Indians
rather like a father than like a governor." _Relation et Memorial de
l'etat des Isles Philippines, et des Isles Moluques_ by Ferdinand de
los Rios Coronel, Prestre et Procureur General des Isles Philippines,
etc. _Thevenot_, ii (p. 23 of the Relation).

[63] Morga, p. 345. _Recopilacion_, lib. ii, tit. xv, ley xi.

[64] _Ibid_., ley lviii. Le Gentil, ii, pp. 159, 161.

[65] _Recopilacion_, lib. ii, tit. xv, ley xi.

[66] Mallat, i, pp. 349-50. For a historical summary of the variations
in the names of the provinces see Retana's Zuniga's _Estadismo,_ ii,
p. 376 ff.

[67] They received the tribute in kind in fixed amounts and made money
out of the fluctuations of the market prices. At times of scarcity
and consequent high prices this procedure doubled or trebled the
burden of the tribute. See _State of the Philippine Islands,_ by
Tomas de Comyn, translated by William Walton, p. 197. Mallat says:
"Rien n'est plus funeste au pays que la permission qui est accordee
aux alcaldes de faire le commerce pour leur compte." i, p. 351. See
also Retana's note, Zuniga, _Estadismo,_ ii, p. 530. This right to
trade was abolished in 1844.

[68] "It is a fact common enough to see a hair-dresser or a lackey
converted into a governor; a sailor or a deserter, transformed into
a district magistrate, collector, or military commander of a populous
province, without other counsellor than his own crude understanding,
or any other guide than his passions.