n Antonio's _Chronicas de la
Apostolica Provincia de San Gregorio, etc_., commonly known as the
_Franciscan History._ It will be remembered that in our own country
in the eighteenth century college discipline was still enforced by
corporal punishment; and that attendance upon church was compulsory,
where there was an established church, as in New England.

[126] _Voyage_, ii, p. 62.

[127] _Voyage_, ii, p. 350.

[128] _Voyage_, ii, pp. 95, 97.

[129] Le Gentil says the lassitude of the body reacts upon the
mind. "In this scorching region one can only vegetate. Insanity is
commonly the result of hard study and excessive application." _Voyage_,
ii, p. 94.

[130] _La Imprenta en Manila desde sus origenes hasta 1810_, Santiago
de Chile, 1896.

[131] _Adiciones y Observaciones a La Imprenta en Manila_, Madrid,
1899.

[132] For representative lists of these, see Blumentritt's privately
printed _Bibliotheca Philippina_, Theile i and ii.

[133] It is, all things considered, a singular fact that in all that
list there is no translation of parts of the Bible, except of course
the fragmentary paraphrases in the catechism and doctrinals. The only
item indicating first-hand Biblical study in the Philippines under
the old regime that has come to my notice in the bibliographies of
Medina and Retana is this, that Juan de la Concepcion the historian
left in manuscript a translation of the Holy Bible into Spanish. _La
Imprenta en Manila_, p. 221. This failure to translate the Bible
into the native languages was not peculiar to Spanish rule in the
Philippines. Protestant Holland, far behind Spain in providing
for native education, was equally opposed to the circulation of
the Bible. "Even as late as the second or third decade of this
century the New Testament was considered a revolutionary work,
and Herr Bruckner, who translated it, had his edition destroyed by
Government." Guillemard, _Malaysia and the Pacific Archipelagoes_,
p. 129.

[134] Mallat says that the elements were more generally taught than
in most of the country districts of Europe (i, p. 386) and quotes the
assertion of the Archbishop of Manila: "There are many villages such as
Argas, Dalaguete, Bolohon, Cebu, and several in the province of Iloilo,
where not a single boy or girl can be found who cannot read and write,
an advantage of which few places in Europe can boast." _Ibid._, p. 388.

[135] _Estadismo_, i, p. 300.

[136] _Estadismo_, i, p. 63.

[137] Z