uniga, i, pp. 73-75

[138] _Voyage_, ii, p. 131.

[139] _Ibid_., p. 132, and Zuniga, i, p. 76. A modern work on this
drama is _El Teatro tagalo_ by Vicente Barrantes, Madrid, 1889.

[140] Number 877 in Retana's _Biblioteca Filipina_. This novel was
published in Manila in 1885. Friar Bustamente was a Franciscan.

[141] _Estadismo_, i, pp. 60-61. Commodore Alava was on his way to
make scientific observations of the volcano of Taal.

Le Gentil writes: "Selon une Ordonnance du Roi, renouvelee peut-etre
cent fois, il est ordonne aux Religieux d'enseigner le castillan
aux jeunes Indiens; mais Sa Majeste, m'ont unanimement assure
les Espagnoles a Manille, n'a point encore ete obeie jusqu'a ce
jour." _Voyage_, ii, p. 184. Cf. Zuniga. _Estadismo_, i, pp. 299-300.

For some of these ordinances see Retana's notes to Zuniga, ii,
p. 57 ff.

[142] Cf. Retana's views expressed ten years ago upon the
impracticability of supplanting to any extent the Tagal language
by the Spanish. The same considerations apply equally well to
English. _Estadismo_, ii, p. 59 ff.

[143] _Estadismo_, i, pp. 12-13.

[144] Retana's _Zuniga_, ii, p. 527.

[145] _Estadismo_, i, p. 174. I cannot take leave of Zuniga's book
without recording my opinion that it is the finest flower of the
Philippine literature. Zuniga did for the island of Luzon what Arthur
Young did for France a few years earlier, or to take an apter parallel,
what President Dwight did for New England. His careful observations,
relieved of tedium by a rare charm of style, his sweetness of temper,
quiet humor, his love of nature and of man all combine to make his
"Travels" a work that would be accorded a conspicuous place in the
literature of any country. An English translation will appear in the
present series.

[146] Referring to the fort built by Columbus (December, 1492) at
La Navidad, a port on the northern coast of Hispaniola (Hayti). Upon
the admiral's return, a year later, he found that the garrison whom
he had left in this fort had been destroyed by hostile Indians.

[147] That is, by some act so clear or manifest that no formal sentence
of excommunication is requisite.

[148] The Gold Coast of Africa, named by its Portuguese discoverers
(about 1471) _Oro de la Mina_ (this is the _Minere Auri_ of our text).

[149] Our text reads "commissario mayor;" Navarrete reads "Comendador
mayor."

[150] Our text reads "vos damos todo nuestro poder conplido en aquella
mas abta for